土壤中多环芳烃生物有效性及其评价方法

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2010.4.020

中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 568-576.DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2010.4.020

• 优秀博士论文 • 上一篇

土壤中多环芳烃生物有效性及其评价方法

陶玉强^1,2, 张淑贞¹, 薛滨²

1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;
2. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008

收稿日期:2010-03-04 修回日期:2010-04-20 发布日期:2010-07-15
通讯作者: 陶玉强
作者简介:陶玉强:博士研究生在读期间,荣获2009年度中国科学院院长奖学金特别奖.
张淑贞研究员:主要从事重金属和持久性有机污染物在土壤-植物体系的环境化学行为及生物有效性研究.
薛滨研究员:主要从事湖泊古环境、古气候及人与自然相互作用研究.
基金资助:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40730740, 20621703) and the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421603) 

Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and its evaluation method

TAO Yu-Qiang^1,2, ZHANG Shu-Zhen¹, XUE Bin²

1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2010-03-04 Revised:2010-04-20 Published:2010-07-15
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40730740, 20621703) and the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421603) 

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多环芳烃(PAHs)是中国土壤中广泛存在的一类具有致癌、致畸、致突变等危害的持久性有机污染物,其在环境中降解缓慢,具有生物累积性,并可通过食物链传递、放大,对人体健康构成很大威胁,因此迫切需要开展其生物有效性及生态风险相关研究. 本文研究了农田污染土壤中14种中到高疏水性PAHs在植物体内的吸收、累积及从根部向茎叶部分的传输. 结果表明中到高疏水性的有机污染物如PAHs可在植物体内发生从根向茎叶的传输,向茎叶传输的量与化合物的疏水性之间存在显著的线性定量关系;同时,一种新型半渗透膜采样装置——三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素复合膜(TECAM)被成功地应用于土壤中PAHs的采集及其对植物(Triticum aestivum L.)和蚯蚓(Eisenia andrei)的生物有效性,结果表明:TECAM对土壤中PAHs的采样可在48h内达到表观平衡,大大缩短了土壤中有机污染物的采样时间;TECAM可反映PAHs在土壤中的残留时间、土壤有机质及溶解有机碳含量对PAHs生物有效性的影响;TECAM内PAHs浓度与蚯蚓体内浓度存在显著的线性相关关系;与化学提取方法相比,TECAM采集的PAHs不仅在浓度上与小麦根中浓度存在显著线性相关关系,而且TECAM采集的PAHs量也与小麦根富集的量相当;进一步提出了"土壤-孔隙水-TECAM"三室模型,并成功地描述了TECAM采集土壤中PAHs的三相平衡过程;此外,TECAM采样对土壤扰动小,操作简单,因此是采集土壤中有机污染物以及评价土壤中有机污染物生物有效性的有效方法.

关键词: 多环芳烃, 生物有效性, 传输, 被动采样, 三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素复合膜

Abstract:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistant pollutants which are difficult to degrade and metabolize in the environment and exist widely around the world. They can accumulate in organisms and subsequently translocate, transform and be concentrated in food chain due to their lipophilicity. Some PAHs are carcinogenic and pose great risk to human health. In order to predict their potential risk, it is essential to explore the bioavailability of PAHs in soil. The uptake and acropetal translocation of 14 priority PAHs by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from field-contaminated soils has been investigated. The results indicate that compounds with intermediate to high hydrophobicity such as PAHs can acropetally translocate in plants. The amount of PAHs translocated from roots to aerial tissues has been quantified. Furthermore, a new type of semipermeable membrane-based passive sampler,triolein embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM), was successfully applied to sample PAHs in soils. PAHs in soil sampled by TECAMs reached apparent equilibrium within 48h, significantly saving time for sampling PAHs in soil. The content of PAHs sampled by TECAMs was related to soil organic matter, dissolved organic carbon and the aging time of PAHs in soil. TECAM-accumulated PAHs correlated well with PAHs accumulated in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil-pore water-TECAM three-compartment model was successfully used to describe the overall pro cess of PAH sampling by TECAM from field-contaminated soils. Additionally, TECAM caused minimal disturbance to soil and was easy to deploy. Therefore, TECAM is believed to be a useful tool to sampling hydrophobic organic carbons in soil and predict their bioavailability to earthworms and plants.

Key words: PAHs, bioavailability, translocation, passive sampling, triolein embedded cellulose acetate membrane

中图分类号:

陶玉强, 张淑贞, 薛滨. 土壤中多环芳烃生物有效性及其评价方法[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2010, 27(4): 568-576.

TAO Yu-Qiang, ZHANG Shu-Zhen, XUE Bin. Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and its evaluation method[J]. , 2010, 27(4): 568-576.

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土壤中多环芳烃生物有效性及其评价方法

Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and its evaluation method

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