中国城市空气污染区域差异及社会经济影响因素分析——基于两种空气质量指数的比较研究

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2020.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大都市圈的环境质量对城市居民的公共健康和日常生活有重大影响。因此，研究更为科学有效的大气污染物浓度的度量指标和方法受到政府和学界的广泛关注。基于对空气质量汇集指数（AAQI）与空气质量指数（AQI）的对比分析，阐述中国113个环保重点城市的空气质量状况及其空间分异特征，并基于面板数据模型，分析影响样本城市空气质量变化的主要社会经济因素。结果表明，在2014-2016年期间，中国的城市空气质量呈现出转好的趋势；城市空气质量的区域差异显著，华北地区在AAQI和AQI两种指数分析中均为中国空气质量较差的区域。回归模型的结果表明，城市空气质量受地理位置、城市化水平、产业结构和环境规制等因素的影响。建议加强开发和完善评估城市空气质量的综合指数，并从工业化和城市化角度探索改善城市空气质量的新途径。

关键词: AAQI(空气质量汇集指数), 环保重点城市, 时空特征, 影响因素

Abstract: Since the environmental quality in metropolitan areas has significant impact on public health and everyday life of urban residents, it is of great importance to provide scientific information about the urban air pollutant concentration, which has gained much concern from both the governmental authorities and the scientific fields. This study illustrated the urban air quality of 113 sample cities in China by the comparison between the aggregate air quality index (AAQI) and the air quality index (AQI) and then depicted its spatial differentiation based on spatial interpolation. Furthermore, this study analyzed the influential factors behind the air quality variations among these cities by employing panel data models. The results indicated that the urban air quality showed a significant agglomeration feature at the national scale, with North China retaining the highest values both in terms of AAQI and AQI. From temporal perspective, the urban air quality reported a desirable trend nationwide from 2014 to 2016. Results from the regression models indicated that the urban air quality was affected by geographical locations, socioeconomic factors, and environmental regulations, among which urbanization level and industrial structure were reported to be the important socioeconomic factors exerting more significant impacts on the urban air quality. We suggest that more efforts should be devoted to develop comprehensive indices for evaluation of the urban air quality and to explore new avenues to improve urban air quality from industrialization and urbanization perspectives.

Key words: AAQI (aggregate air quality index), key environmental protection cities, spatiotemporal characteristics, influential factors

中图分类号:

X321
F129.9

张晓平, 林美含. 中国城市空气污染区域差异及社会经济影响因素分析——基于两种空气质量指数的比较研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2020, 37(1): 39-50.

ZHANG Xiaoping, LIN Meihan. Comparison between two air quality index systems in study of urban air pollution in China and its socio-economic determinants[J]. , 2020, 37(1): 39-50.

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