1992—2021年蒙古国西部湖泊面积和数量变化特征

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2023.083

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以Landsat影像为数据源，基于Google Earth Engine (GEE)提取1992—2021年面积大于1 km²的湖泊，进行面积变化的时空变化特征分析，并结合气象数据和社会经济数据进行归因分析。结果表明：1)湖泊面积变化表现出明显的阶段性特征。1992—1996年湖泊面积呈扩张趋势，1996年后湖泊面积呈减少趋势。不同大小等级湖泊变化差异较大，大型湖泊和中型湖泊相对稳定，小型湖泊减少幅度较大;2)湖泊面积的变化呈现明显的空间分异特征。科布多省和戈壁阿尔泰省的湖泊面积呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势，而乌布苏省和扎布汗省的湖泊面积呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势；3)环境因素对蒙古国西部湖泊面积的影响存在明显的时空差异。夏季均温和潜在蒸散发的增加对1992—2001年间科布多省和戈壁阿尔泰省的湖泊面积减少有负面影响；而人类活动对1996—2019年间乌布苏省和扎布汗省的湖泊面积萎缩有影响，其中农业灌溉和过度放牧均起负面作用。

关键词: 蒙古国西部, 湖泊, 干旱区, 时空变化, 影响因素, 遥感

Abstract: Climate change and human activities have impacted greatly on many lakes in western Mongolia, whereas they were seldom studied. Using Landsat images as the data source, lakes with an area larger than 1 km² from 1992 to 2021 were extracted based on Google Earth Engine (GEE). Spatio-temporal changes of lake area were characterized, and causes were analyzed combining meteorological data and socioeconomic data. The results showed that: 1) The change of lake area could be divided into two phases, i.e., the expansion phase from 1992 to 1996 and the shrinking phase after 1996; 2) There are obvious spatial variations in lake area change. In Khovd Province and Gobi-Altai Provinces lake area shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, whereas the trend is opposite in Uvs Province and Zavkhan Provinces; 3) The causes are obvious different temporally and spatially. The increase of summer mean temperature and potential evapotranspiration had a negative impact on the decrease of lake area in Khovd Province and Gobi-Altai Provinces during 1992-2001. However, human activities, including agricultural irrigation and overgrazing, were the dominant negative drivers for the shrinkage of lakes in Uvs Province and Zavkhan Provinces from 1996 to 2019.

Key words: western Mongolia, lakes, arid regions, temporal and spatial changes, influencing factors, remote sensing

中图分类号:

P964

杨松, 周宏飞, 闫英杰. 1992—2021年蒙古国西部湖泊面积和数量变化特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2025, 42(2): 176-185.

YANG Song, ZHOU Hongfei, YAN Yingjie. Characterization of lake area and number change in western Mongolia from 1992 to 2021[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2025, 42(2): 176-185.

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