大气稳定度对边界层垂直风切变的影响

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2022.063

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大气边界层垂直风切变是高层建筑、航空和风能利用等领域影响安全的重要因素，对大气垂直分布的研究具有重要实际价值。选用位于河北张家口地区的激光雷达测试场地的140 m测风塔数据，通过测风塔和激光雷达的同期外场测量，验证激光雷达与测风塔对垂直风切变的测量精度，研究大气稳定度对于垂直风切变的影响。结果表明：1)大气稳定度对风切变影响显著，风速切变、风向切变与大气稳定度的相关系数分别为0.48和0.54；2)风速切变随位温梯度的增加而增加，当位温梯度达到0.08 K·m^-1后，风速切变保持在0.35~0.40；3)位温梯度大于0时，风向随高度增加顺时偏转；位温梯度小于0时，风向随高度增加逆时针偏转；中性大气风向的垂直分布较为一致。通过测风塔和激光雷达的垂直观测建立了风速切变、风向切变与大气稳定度的关系模型，对风场垂直分布相关的研究与应用具有较好的参考价值。

关键词: 垂直风切变, 大气稳定度, 测风塔, 激光雷达, 风速切变, 位温梯度

Abstract: Vertical wind shear in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is an important factor affecting safety in high-rise buildings, aviation and wind energy industry, therefore the detection and study of vertical wind shear is very important for application and research. In this paper, the accuracy of Lidar and meteorological mast (met mast) on the vertical wind shear was verified by field measurements, and the influence of atmospheric stability on vertical wind shear was studied. The results showed that: 1) the atmospheric stability had a significant effect on wind speed shear and wind direction veer, and the correlation coefficients of wind speed shear and wind direction veer with atmospheric stability are 0.48 and 0.54, respectively; 2) The wind speed shear increased with the potential temperature gradient, and remained 0.35-0.4 when the potential temperature gradient reaches 0.08 K·m^-1; 3) Under the neutral atmospheric condition, the wind direction of the upper and lower layers was more consistent, and the wind direction deflected counterclockwise with the increase of height under stable atmospheric condition, and deflected clockwise with the increase of height under the unstable atmospheric condition. The conclusion in this paper modeled the relationship between wind shear and atmospheric stability by the vertical observation of wind field, which is a good reference and valuable for the research and application related to the vertical structure of wind field.

Key words: wind shear, atmospheric stability, meteorological mast, Lidar, wind speed shear, potential temperature gradient

中图分类号:

P407.5

梁志, 师宇, 张哲, 胡非. 大气稳定度对边界层垂直风切变的影响[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2024, 41(3): 365-374.

LIANG Zhi, SHI Yu, ZHANG Zhe, HU Fei. Impact of atmospheric stability on vertical wind shear and wind veer in atmospheric boundary layer[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024, 41(3): 365-374.

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