北京东灵山的无灌溉古耕作层和自然沉积层的土壤理化性质差异*

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2024.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 识别古耕作层,是研究农业起源、探讨古人类土地利用方式的重要环节,也是考古学家和古环境学家正在共同面对的难题。识别古耕作层的既有方法研究成本较高,且具有局限性,亟待开发简单便捷可靠的新方法来识别古耕作层。北京东灵山曾发生过无灌溉、使用犁翻耕的农耕活动,持续至少300年后退耕。该地区还有无耕作史的天然草甸和天然阔叶林。本研究对东灵山天然草甸、天然阔叶林、退耕草甸、退耕阔叶林四类土壤剖面易溶盐含量、pH、磁化率以及颜色特征进行了对比分析,以求建立识别古耕作层的方法。研究发现,退耕土壤剖面内易溶盐含量显著低于天然剖面,变异系数也明显小于天然剖面。易溶盐含量及其变异系数可用于识别无灌溉的古耕作层。土壤磁化率和pH也有识别古耕作层的潜在价值,未来还需要开展更进一步深入的研究。

关键词: 古耕作层, 土壤易溶盐含量, 东灵山, 土地利用, 古环境, 农业考古

Abstract: The identification of paleo-cropping layers is an essential part of the study of the origins of agriculture and the exploration of ancient human land use. It is a challenge that archaeologists and palaeoenvironmentalists are facing together. The existing methods of identifying ancient cultivation layers are costly and limited, and there is an urgent need to develop new, simple, convenient, and reliable methods to identify ancient cultivation layers. Farming without irrigation, using plows to turn the land, once occurred in Beijing's Dongling Mountains and continued for at least 300 years before retiring. There are also natural meadows and broadleaf forests in the area with no tillage history. In this study, four types of soil profiles, namely natural meadow, natural broadleaf forest, abandoned farming meadow, and abandoned farming broadleaf forest, were compared in terms of their soluble salt content, pH, magnetic susceptibility, and color characteristics in order to establish a method for identifying ancient cultivation layers. It was found that the soluble salt content in the abandoned farming soil profile was significantly lower than that in the natural profile, and the coefficient of variation was also significantly lower than that in the natural profile. The soluble salt content and its coefficient of variation can be used to identify ancient tillage layers without irrigation. Soil magnetic susceptibility and pH also have potential value in identifying ancient cultivation layers, and further in-depth studies are needed.

Key words: Paleo-cropping layers, Soil soluble salt content, Dongling Mountains, Land use, Paleoenvironment, Agricultural archaeology

中图分类号:

P593

吕璇泽, 李玉梅, 旺罗. 北京东灵山的无灌溉古耕作层和自然沉积层的土壤理化性质差异^*[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.014.

LU Xuanze, LI Yumei, WANG Luo. Differences of soil physical and chemical properties between unirrigated paleo-cropping layers layer and natural sediment layer in Donglingshan Mountain, Beijing[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.014.

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北京东灵山的无灌溉古耕作层和自然沉积层的土壤理化性质差异^*

Differences of soil physical and chemical properties between unirrigated paleo-cropping layers layer and natural sediment layer in Donglingshan Mountain, Beijing

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