中国北方温性草地最大叶面积指数的时空变化及其对气候变化的响应

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2022.072

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鉴于不同类型草地叶面积指数(LAI)的时空变化特征不尽相同，且不同变化趋势的LAI对气候变化的响应也不尽相同，利用长时间序列LAI和气象数据，结合草地分类数据，获得1981—2017年中国北方不同类型温性草地最大LAI的时空变化特征，并重点探讨不同变化趋势的LAI对气温和降水量变化的响应。结果表明，中国北方温性草地年均最大LAI的多年均值为(0.76±1.07) m²/m²，东高西低；其中，草甸草原最高((2.73±1.20) m²/m²)，草原化荒漠最低((0.13±0.17) m²/m²)。总体上，年均最大LAI呈显著增加趋势；呈显著增加的面积占32.52%，显著降低的面积占6.31%；所有类型草地最大LAI显著增加的面积均大于显著降低的面积。年均最大LAI与1—8月总降水量和7—8月平均气温的年际变化均呈正相关。最大LAI显著降低和显著增加均主要受7—8月均温显著升高的影响。7—8月均温上升速率在影响LAI变化上存在转折阈值；对所占面积较大的草地类型，该阈值约为0.042~0.043 ℃/a。当气温上升速率低于该阈值时，LAI才随气温上升而增加；反之，LAI随气温上升而降低。这些研究结果可对气候变化背景下的草地利用、保护和恢复提供重要的科学依据。

关键词: 叶面积指数, 温性草地类型, 时空变化, 降水量, 夏季气温

Abstract: There might be great differences in spatiotemporal variation in leaf area index (LAI) of different grassland types; the responses of LAI with different annual variations to climate change are probably distinct. To explore these differences, from the long-term LAI data and meteorological data and the grassland type data, we obtained the temporal and spatial varying characteristics of the maximum LAI of different types of temperate grassland in northern China from 1981 to 2017, and explored the responses of LAI with different annual variations to the changes of air temperature and precipitation. The results showed that the average annual maximum LAI of temperate grassland was (0.76±1.07) m²/m², the higher in the east and the lower in the west. The meadow steppe had the highest LAI ((2.73±1.20) m²/m²) and the steppe desert had the lowest LAI ((0.13±0.17) m²/m²). From 1981 to 2017, the average annual maximum LAI showed a significantly increasing trend. The maximum LAI increased significantly for 32.52% of the area and decreased significantly for 6.31% of the area. The areas with a significantly increasing LAI were greater than those with a significantly decreasing LAI for all the grassland types. The annual average maximum LAI was positively correlated with the annual total precipitation from January to August and the annual mean air temperature for July and August. Both the significant decrease and increase of the maximum LAI was mainly affected by the significant increase of annual mean air temperature for July and August. There existed a critical threshold of the rising rate of air temperature for July and August that influenced the variation in LAI; for the grassland types that accounted for the larger areas, this threshold was 0.042-0.043 ℃/a. LAI increased with the rising air temperature as the rising rate of air temperature was lower than this threshold; conversely, LAI decreased. These results are expected to provide important scientific basis for grassland utilization, protection and restoration in the context of climate change.

Key words: leaf area index, temperate grassland type, spatiotemporal variation, precipitation, summer air temperature

中图分类号:

S812

冯一鸣, 张娜, 乐荣武, 闫志辉, 李振宇, 李小璠, 额日敦其木格. 中国北方温性草地最大叶面积指数的时空变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2024, 41(2): 195-211.

FENG Yiming, ZHANG Na, YUE Rongwu, YAN Zhihui, LI Zhenyu, LI Xiaofan, Erridunqimuge. Spatiotemporal variation in the maximum leaf area index of temperate grassland in northern China and its response to climate change[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024, 41(2): 195-211.

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