中国木兰科植物的叶结构及其油细胞的比较解剖学研究

中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 218-230.

中国木兰科植物的叶结构及其油细胞的比较解剖学研究

蔡霞,胡正海

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 发布日期:2000-05-10
通讯作者: 蔡霞

Comparative studies on leaf structure and oil cells of the Magnoliaceae in China

CAI Xia, HU Zheng-Hai

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2000-05-10
Contact: CAI Xia

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用组织透明法、石蜡切片法及薄切片法对木兰科10属82种1亚种植物叶片的结构和油细胞的

分布密度、结构及其在叶肉中的分布进行了比较研究。鹅掌楸亚科和木兰亚科在叶结构上的主要区别是：鹅掌楸亚科两种植物叶的部分下表皮细胞乳突状，且整个细胞外壁只形成一个乳突，而在木兰亚科植物中有单列多细胞或单细胞的表皮毛，却未发现乳突；鹅掌楸亚科植物叶主脉维管组织环分隔呈束状，且其外包被的纤维也排列成束状，而木兰亚科的80种1亚种植物中，叶主脉维管组织连成轮状，其外面也由一圈连续的纤维环所包围。从而支持木兰科中木兰亚科和鹅掌楸亚科两个亚科的划分。并且，从叶主脉的演化趋势来看，鹅掌楸亚科较木兰亚科进化。另外，木莲属植物叶片的结构与木兰属具有明显差异，因而进一步证明木莲属是不同于木兰属的一个独立的属。油细胞是木兰科植物叶片解剖的显著特征，在叶肉中的分布可划分为3种类型：(A)主要分布于栅栏组织；(B)主要分布于海绵组织；(c)均匀散布于整个叶肉中。油细胞的大小及其在叶中的分布与叶厚、栅栏组织层数、栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度间的比值以及下皮层的有无、表皮毛的类型、叶脉的结构等特征相结合，可作为属、甚至种的鉴别特征。

关键词: 木兰科, 叶结构, 油细胞, 比较解剖学

Abstract:

The leaf structure and morphology, the structure and location of oil cells in leaves of 82

species and 1 subspecies in 10 genera of the Magnoliaceae were comparatively studied using tissue

clearing, paraffin sectioning and thin sectioning. In leaves of Liriodendroideae, some of abaxial epi-

dermal cells are papillose and the vascular tissue of the main vein appeared to be separated. Howev-

er, papillose cells were not found and there were uniseriate, multicellular or unicellular hairs dis-

tributed on the epiderm, and the vascular tissue of the main vein appeared to be continuous in leaves

of the Magnolioideae. Furthermore, in the Magnolioideae, the structure of leaves of Manglietia were

different from that of Magnolia. These results support the separation of Magnolioideae and Lirioden-

droideae, and suggest that Manglietia and Magnolia be independent genera, which is consistent

with Law’ s taxonomic scheme. Oil cells are one of marked features of the leaf anatomy of the Mag-

noliaceae, and they are mainly distributed in the palisade tissue in leaves of 47 species and in the

spongy tissue in leaves of 5 species, and dispersed in the whole mesophyll in leaves of 31 species.

The size and location of oil cells in leaves, combined with the thickness of leaves, the number of

layers of the palisade tissue, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue in thickness, the hypo-

derm, and the type of hairs may be used as the characteristics of genera and even species.

Key words: Magnoliaceae, Leaf structure, Oil cells, Comparative anatomy

蔡霞,胡正海. 中国木兰科植物的叶结构及其油细胞的比较解剖学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2000, 38(3): 218-230.

CAI Xia, HU Zheng-Hai. Comparative studies on leaf structure and oil cells of the Magnoliaceae in China[J]. , 2000, 38(3): 218-230.