古生代种子的新分类系统

中国科学院大学学报

古生代种子的新分类系统

李中明

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1992-05-18 发布日期:1992-05-18
通讯作者: 李中明

On the Current Classification System of Paleozoic Seeds

Li Zhong-Ming

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1992-05-18 Published:1992-05-18
Contact: Li Zhong-Ming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文概述了上世纪中叶以来有关古生代种子分类问题的沿革，并在总结近年来国内外有关整体

化石裸子植物和离体种子研究新成果的基础上，指出当前在古生代种子分类方面的问题。

为使古生代种子的分类同当代古植物学研究协调，把对离体种子的研究同整体化石裸子植物结合

起来，作者建议以Seward的分类系统为基础，设立五个科：瓶籽科Lagenostomaceae肥籽科

Pachytestaceae、靓籽科Callospermariaceae隐羊齿籽科Cryptospermaceae和心籽科Cardiocarpaceae，

并把三棱籽目Trigonocarpales改名为肥籽目Pachytestales。上述五个科既可看作三个古生代种子目：

瓶籽目Lagenostomales、肥籽目和心籽目Cardiocarpales下设的一级分类单位，也可分别当作古生代整

体化石裸子植物：皱羊齿目Lygonopteridales、髓木目Medullosales、靓羊齿目Callistophytales、大羽羊

齿目Gigantopteridales和科达目Cordaitales的雌性生殖器官。由于这个分类系统同整体化石植物的

分类一致，因此，有助于对离体种子的系统学研究。

关键词: 古生代, 离体种子, 裸子植物, 新分类系统, 系统演化

Abstract:

This paper summarizes the history of classifications of Paleozoic seeds and

revaluates the previous classification systems of Paleozoic detached seeds. The current status

of studies on Paleozoic. gymnosperms: has been deteched seeds and whole fossil

gymnosperms indicates that Seward’s classification system for Paleozoic seeds inadequate

since all the seeds of Cardiocarpales in his system are not cordaitean female reproductive or-

gans as Seward’s suggested. It is shown from investigations of whole fossil plants that the

members of Cardiocarpales were derived from at least three different major groups of

Paleozoic gymnosperms. Moreover, Meyen’s suggestion that the gymnosperms be classified

based on symmetry of seeds has been little supported since all the fossil gymnosperms have

not shown structurally preserved seeds and organic attachment.

In order to relate detached seeds to whole fossil gymnosperms, the present author sug-

gests that five families: Lagenostomaceae, Pachytestaceae, Callospermariaceae, Cryptospe-

rmaceae and Cardiocarpaceae be established for Paleozoic seeds and the Order

Trigonocarpales be renamed as Pachytestales since the genus Trigonocarpus does not now in-

clude structurally preserved seeds. Thus, the five families may be considered either as

subdivisions of the three orders of detached seeds: Lagenostomales, Pachytestales and

Cardiocarpales, or as female reproductive organs of whole fossil gymnosperms of the five

Permo-Carboniferous major groups: Lyginopteridales, Medullosales, Callistophytales

Gigantopteridales and Cordaitales.

A Key to Paleozoic seeds is provided as follows:

A. Seeds with a cupule; integument thin, simple, deeply lobed and less differe-

ntiated;nucellus united to integument up to the base of pollen chamber; pollen

chamber complex ................................. Lagenostomales, Lagenostomaceae

A. Seeds without a cupule; integument thick, complex, unlobed and differentiated into

several layers; nucellus free within integument except at the base; pollon chamber

simple ................................................................................................ B

B. Seeds radially symmetrical in shape; integumentary bundles present; nucellus bun-

dles typical ................................................... Pachytestales, Pachytestaceae

B. Seeds bilaterally symmetrical in shape; integumentary bundles present or absent;

nucellus bundles often untypical .................................... C (Cardiocarpales)

C. Bundles absent in integument; main bundle C-shaped in transverse section with

a sclerenchyma bundle ............................................ Cryptospermaceae

C. Bundles present in integument; main bundle not C-shaped in transverse section

without a sclerenchyma bundle ......................................................... D

D. Seeds very small with secretory cavities in integument; nucellus bundles limit-

ed in nucellus platform .......................................... Callospermariaceae

D. Seeds large without secretory cavities in integument; nucellus bundles limited

in nucellus platform or not ....................................... Cardiocarpaceae

Key words: Paleozoic, Detached seeds, Gymnosperms, New classification system, Phylogeny

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