成都城区PM2.5中有害微量元素的污染特征

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2014.03.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在2011年各典型季节月，采集成都城区的PM_2.5样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析获取32种元素浓度，对其中9种有害元素浓度、富集程度及可能来源进行分析.结果表明，有害元素Pb、Mn、As、Cr、Sb、Cd、Se、Ni和Co的年均浓度分别为（171.7±86.2）、（66.4±36.7）、（19.8±11.1）、（9.2±5.0）、（6.5±4.2）、（3.5±1.9）、（2.7±1.2）、（2.5±1.6）和（0.5±0.3）ng·m^-3.绝大多数样品中As浓度超过世界卫生组织和中国环境空气质量标准的参考限值.元素Se、Cd、Sb、Pb和As有明显的富集现象，富集因子均值范围在492～5340.受土壤尘的影响，所有元素的富集因子在春季较低.因子分析结果进一步表明PM_2.5中有害微量元素主要来自机动车、燃煤以及金属冶炼等人为来源.

关键词: PM_2.5, 微量元素, 重金属, 成都

Abstract:

Daily PM_2.5 samples were collected during the typical month of each season of 2011 at an urban site of Chengdu. 32 elements were detected in PM_2.5 by ICP-MS, among which there were 9 hazardous elements. The concentrations, enrichment factors, and possible sources of the 9 elements were analyzed in this study. The annual average concentrations of Pb,Mn,As,Cr,Sb,Cd,Se,Ni, and Co were (171.7±86.2), (66.4±36.7), (19.8±11.1), (9.2±5.0), (6.5±4.2), (3.5±1.9), (2.7±1.2), (2.5±1.6), and (0.5±0.3) ng·m^-3, respectively. The As concentrations in most of the collected samples exceeded the guideline values provided by WHO and Chinese ambient air quality standards. High enrichment factors of Se,Cd,Sb,Pb, and As were found, ranging from 492 to 5340. Relatively low enrichment factors were observed for all the hazardous elements during spring, since the ambient aerosol was significantly affected by soil dust. The results of the factor analysis further revealed that these hazardous elements were mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources such as motor vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and metal smelting.

Key words: PM_2.5, hazardous trace elements, heavy metals, Chengdu

中图分类号:

X513

张智胜, 陶俊, 龙颖贤, 林泽健. 成都城区PM_2.5中有害微量元素的污染特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2014, 31(3): 426-430.

ZHANG Zhisheng, TAO Jun, LONG Yingxian, LIN Zejian. Characteristics of hazardous trace elements in PM_2.5 in urban area of Chengdu[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014, 31(3): 426-430.

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