知母的胚胎学研究

中国科学院大学学报

知母的胚胎学研究

陈祖铿, 王伏雄, 李芝莉

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1990-05-10 发布日期:1990-05-10
通讯作者: 陈祖铿

Investigation on Embryology of Anemarrhena asphodeloides

Chen Zu-Keng, Wang Fu-Hsiung, Li Zhi-Li

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1990-05-10 Published:1990-05-10
Contact: Chen Zu-Keng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge)为百合科的一个单种属，雄蕊三枚，小孢子母细胞

分裂为连续型，成熟花粉含2个细胞；蓼型胚囊，具反足吸器；胚乳发育属沼生目型；合子在12—16个

胚乳游离核阶段进行第一次分裂。胚珠倒生，厚珠心。两轮花被；花丝和药隔等组织中，星散分布着明

显的晶束细胞。

关键词: 知母, 胚胎发生, 花粉, 胚囊, 胚乳

Abstract:

Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge is the only species of Anemarrhena in Li-

liaceae, which possesses three stamens. The flowers in this species have following features:

(1) Crystalliferous cells are present in the perianth and the filament. (2) Epidermal cells of

filaments and the inner perianth appears verruciform. (3) In longitudinal section, a number

of the multicellular hairs were found in the apex of the inner perianth. The above characteris-

tics of Anemarrhena are possibly important and differ from those of the other genera in

Liliaceae.

The main aim of the present paper is to deal with the female gametophyte and embryo-

genesis in Anemarrhena. The development of embryo sac is similar to that of Ornithogalum

(Tilton et al., 1981), belonging to the Polygonum type, but there is a short embryo sac hausto-

rium at the antipodal end. Before fertilization the two polar muclei fuse into a secondary nu-

cleus. The filiform apparatus was found in the synergid.

The early development of proembryo in Anemarrhena is similar to that of Najas (Hu,

1982). After fertilization the zygote has a short stage of dormancy. When the endosperm

has 12-16 free nuclei, the first division of the zygote takes place, forming an apical cell and

a basal cell. Then the apical cell undergoes transversal divisions 2 or 3 times, forming a line

of three to four cells. The basal cell usually does not further divide.

The endosperm formation in Anemarrhena is the Helobial type. The small chalazal cham-

ber is usually ephemeral and 2-4-nucleate, while the large micropylar one may be a multi-

nucleate before wall formation.

Key words: Anemarrhena asphodeloides, embryogenesis, embryo sac, endosperm, Pollen

陈祖铿, 王伏雄, 李芝莉. 知母的胚胎学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Chen Zu-Keng, Wang Fu-Hsiung, Li Zhi-Li. Investigation on Embryology of Anemarrhena asphodeloides[J]. .

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