单穗升麻的柱头和雌配子体发育及胚胎发生

中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 337-342.

单穗升麻的柱头和雌配子体发育及胚胎发生

陈晓麟,李铭,尤瑞麟

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 发布日期:2000-07-10
通讯作者: 陈晓麟

A study on the development of stigma and megagametophyte, and embryogeny in Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk

CHEN Xiao-Lin, LI Ming, YOU Rui-Lin

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2000-07-10
Contact: CHEN Xiao-Lin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

单穗升麻的雌蕊群由1～5枚离生心皮组成。子房单室，4～9枚倒生胚珠，双珠被，厚珠心；大孢子四分体呈线形或T形排列，合点端一个具功能。胚囊发育为蓼型。成熟胚囊中3个单核反足细胞，胞质浓密，在球形胚时期尚能观察到其退化痕迹。极核融合早，次生核位于合点端。胚胎发生为柳叶菜型；核型胚乳。雄蕊凋谢后1～2天花柱顶端腹缝线周围出现乳突细胞，雄蕊凋谢后3～5天延长成柱头毛。讨论了单穗升麻与南川升麻柱头可授期与花粉生活力的差异对传粉效果和结籽率的显著影响。

关键词: 单穗升麻, 大孢子发生, 雌配子体发育, 胚胎发生, 柱头发育

Abstract:

This is one of a series of studies on the reproductive features in Cimicifuga nanchuanen-

sis Hsiao, an endangered plant endemic to China, and C. simplex Wormsk, a closely related and

widely spread species as a control. The present paper deals with the results of cyto-morphological

observations on the megasporogenesis, the development of female gametophytes, and the embryogeny

in C. simplex. Its anatropous ovules are bitegminous and crassinucellate. A megaspore mother cell

undergoes meiosis to form a linear or T-shaped megaspore tetrad. The embryo sac is of Polygonum

type. The three antipodal cells persist up to the globular stage of embryo development.Two polar

nuclei fuse to form a secondary nucleus close to the chalazal end of the embryo sac and connect with

antipodal cells before fertilization. The development of endosperm is of Nuclear type. Cellularization

of nuclear endosperm initiates since early globular stage of the embryo development. Development of

the embryo in C. simplex is of Onagrad type. C. simplex is dichogamous. Stigmatic papillae

emerge on the 1st∽2nd day and they elongate into stigmatic hairs on the 3rd∽5th day after stamens

withering. The great impact of the differences of the receptible period of stigmas and pollen viability

between the two species on effective pollination and seed-setting rate is discussed.

Key words: Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk, Megasporogenesis, Female gametophyte development

陈晓麟,李铭,尤瑞麟. 单穗升麻的柱头和雌配子体发育及胚胎发生[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2000, 38(4): 337-342.

CHEN Xiao-Lin, LI Ming, YOU Rui-Lin. A study on the development of stigma and megagametophyte, and embryogeny in Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk[J]. , 2000, 38(4): 337-342.