四川宝兴地区几种豆科植物的染色体

中国科学院大学学报

四川宝兴地区几种豆科植物的染色体

洪德元

(中国科学院植物研究所，北京)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1984-08-18 发布日期:1984-08-18
通讯作者: 洪德元

Chromosomes of Six Fabaceous Species from Baoxing County, Sichuan Province

Hong De-Yuan

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1984-08-18 Published:1984-08-18
Contact: Hong De-Yuan

摘要/Abstract

关键词: 苜蓿属, 百脉根属, 野豌豆属, 染色体, 核型, 四川

Abstract:

Meiosis and/or mitosis of six species of Fabaceae (Leguminosae) from

Baoxing County, Sichuan, China, were investigated. The voucher specimens are con-

served in PE. Eight pairs (n=8) and 10 chiasmata in meiosis of pollen mother cells

have been observed in Medicago lupulina L. (Pl. 1, A-C). Meiotic observation on

pollen mother cells in Lotus tenuis W. et K. shows 6 bivalents (n=6) in MI and 9 chias-

mata in diakinesis (Pl. 1, D-E). In this species 12 somatic chromosomes (2n=12) in

anther wall cells have also been observed. The chromosomal formula may be expressed

as 2n=12=8m+2sm+2sm^SAT (Pl. 1, F-G). In pollen mother cells of Vicia tetrasperma

(L.) Schreb., 7 bivalents in MI and 7 chromosomes in A II have been observed (Pl. 2,

A-B). From A II (Pl. 2, B, the inset on the right) the chromosomal formula, n=7=

2m+2sm+lst^SAT+2t, may be constructed. Only three chromosomes in this karyotype may

be found to have counterparts in the one reported by Srivastava (1963), which shows

striking differences between these two karyotypes. Meiotic MI shows 7 pairs (n=7)

in Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray. Vicia sativa L. is very variable in its chromosomes.

Our observation shows 6 pairs (n=6) in MI and in diakinesis in pollen mother cells.

In Vicia villosa Roth, all the previous chromosome reports are 2n=14 or n=7, but the

result of our work shows that somatic chromosomes are 2n=12 in anther wall cells

(Pl. 3, D, E). The karyotype in our material (Pl. 3, E) is that the longest pair of chro-

mosomes are metacentric, the pairs 2-4 are terminal, 5 are metacentric and last pair

are submetacentric, differing vastly from the idiogram (Pl. 3, F) presented by Yama-

moto (1973). Therefore both the chromosome number and structure in our material

are greatly different from those in all the previous reports.

The evolutionary trends of chromosomes in the genus Vicia is discussed in the

work. Srivastava (1963) holds that the primitive basic number of chromosome in the

genus is 6 and thus both 5 and 7 are derived. The present author would propose ano-

ther possibility that 7 is the original basic number and the other numbers are derived

ones. First, as shown in Table 1, x=7 occurs in 47 per cent of species in the genus,

but 6 only in 28 per cent. Secondly, x=7 is predominant in the perennial and primitive

section Cracca. Thirdly, in genera related to the genus under consideration, such as

Lens, Pisum and Lathyrus, x=7 is also the predominant basic number. Fourthly, ac-

cording to Raven (1975) 7 is the primitive basic number in the angiosperms and x=

7, 8 and 9 are the predominant in the angiosperms.

Key words: Medicago, Lotus, Vicia, Chromosome, Karyotype, Sichuan

洪德元. 四川宝兴地区几种豆科植物的染色体[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Hong De-Yuan. Chromosomes of Six Fabaceous Species from Baoxing County, Sichuan Province[J]. .

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