短柄五加种子结构、后熟作用及其细胞化学研究

中国科学院大学学报

短柄五加种子结构、后熟作用及其细胞化学研究

田国伟, 王仲礼, 刘林德, 申家恒

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1998-03-10 发布日期:1998-03-10
通讯作者: 田国伟

Studies on the Structure, Afterripening and Cytochemistry of Seeds in Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms

TIAN Guo-Wei, WANG Zhong-Li, LIU Lin-De, SHEN Jia-Heng

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1998-03-10 Published:1998-03-10
Contact: TIAN Guo-Wei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

短柄五加Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms种子为扁肾形，种皮由一层细胞构成。种子脱落时，胚

为心形胚期，胚周围的胚乳细胞解体形成液样囊腔，并包裹胚，胚细胞中存在较多蛋白质，胚乳细胞贮

存大量蛋白质颗粒和脂类，但两者均未见多糖颗粒。有萌发潜能的种子只占全部种子的9.27％。在试

验地种植条件下饱满种子经18～19个月后萌发，出苗率为1．67％，该过程细胞化学特点是胚细胞中蛋

白质含量逐渐减少，并逐渐积累少量多糖颗粒。种子经变温层积处理6个月即可完成后熟过程，其细胞

化学特点是胚细胞中蛋白质含量逐渐减少，但在心形胚后期即已积累大量多糖颗粒，并一直保持至胚

完全发育成熟。经比较短柄五加与刺五加的种子结构、后熟作用及其细胞化学特点，认为短柄五加种子

质量差、自然状态下后熟时间长和出苗率低是短柄五加致濒的重要生殖因素，并提出了相应保护方法。

关键词: 短柄五加, 种子结构, 后熟作用, 细胞化学, 濒危植物

Abstract:

Seeds of Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms were flat-kidney-shaped and their seed

coats were only composed of one layer of cells. Embryos with abundant protein in their cells

were just at the heart-shaped stage and were capped by sacs formed from degenerating en-

dosperm cells when seeds shed from their maternal plants. A large amount of stored protein

grains and lipids existed in endosperm cells but no polysaccharide grains were present either

in endosperm cells or in embryo cells. Viable seeds were only 9.27% of the total. The plump

seeds germinated in the cultivated field after 18～19 months and their germinating rate was

1.67%. Besides, the content of protein decreased gradually and a few polysaccharide grains

were stored in embryo cells during the process. The afterripening process of seeds stratified

at different temperatures ended after 6 months and the cytochemistry features of the seeds

were that the content of protein decreased gradually and numerous polysaccharide grains had

been stored in embryo cells at the late heart-shaped embryo stage and retained till the mature

embryo stage. The structure, afterripening and cytochemistry of seeds were compared be-

tween Eleutherococcus brachypus and Eleutherococcus senticosus. The poor quality of the

seeds, longer time of afterripening in a natural state and much lower germination rate of E.

brachypus are considered to be important reasons for the endangerment of this species. Some

measures are suggested for its conservation based on the above facts.

Key words: Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms, Seed structure；Afterripening, Cytochem-

田国伟, 王仲礼, 刘林德, 申家恒. 短柄五加种子结构、后熟作用及其细胞化学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

TIAN Guo-Wei, WANG Zhong-Li, LIU Lin-De, SHEN Jia-Heng. Studies on the Structure, Afterripening and Cytochemistry of Seeds in Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms[J]. .

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