茨藻目植物柱头特征与传粉系统的演化

中国科学院大学学报

茨藻目植物柱头特征与传粉系统的演化

郭友好,黄双全

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1999-03-10 发布日期:1999-03-10
通讯作者: 郭友好

Evolution of pollination system and characters of stigmas in Najadales

GUO You-Hao, HUANG Shuang-Quan

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1999-03-10 Published:1999-03-10
Contact: GUO You-Hao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

茨藻目包含有风媒、水表水媒和水下传粉的多种传粉方式。在前人工作的基础上，补充了4科9

种植物的柱头特征和传粉机制的观察。该目花粉和柱头特征可分为两类，传粉系统表现出两种不同的柱头捕获花粉的机制。花粉为球形的种与其宽大的柱头相配；而那些花粉演化为丝状或花粉在水中具先期萌发能力的种，其花粉易被其丝状的柱头所捕获。此外，还推测了导致这个类群传粉系统分化的可能原因。

关键词: 茨藻目, 柱头, 传粉机制, 演化

Abstract:

Diverse ways of pollination, including aerial, epihydrophilous and hypohy-

drophilous ones occur in the Najadales. Although the knowledge of pollination biology in this

order has been largely accumulated in recent years, most researchers ignored the role of stig-

mas in the pollination process. Based on the previous works, we supplemented observations

on stigmatic characters and pollination mechanism in nine species from four families. The

flowers of Aponogeton lakhonensis ( Aponogetonaceae ), Triglochin palustre ( Juncagi-

naceae), Potamogeton crispus, P. distinctus, P. gramineus, P. pectinatus, P. perfo-

liatus, P. pusillus (Potamogetonaceae), are all found to open above or on water surface.

Stigmas in these species have a large surface area. Correspondingly, the pollen grains are all

found to be globular. Of the eight species, except for P. pectinatus and P. pusillus, the

remaining six obviously expose their stigmas out of the perianth. Another species , Najas

marina (Najadaceae), has filiform stigmas and ellipsoidal pollen grains which can germinate

in water before being transferred onto stigmas in natural conditions. Pollination takes place in

this species strictly under water. The characters of pollen and stigmas could be divided into

two types, and the pollination system is of two kinds of mechanisms of stigmas capturing

pollen in the Najadales. The species with globular pollen grains have wide, large stigmas

while those producing filiform or precocious pollen grains, which are likely to be captured by

stigmas during the pollen dispersal by water currents, normally have filiform stigmas. It is

inferred that various water stresses might have resulted in the diversification of pollination

system in the Najadales.

Key words: Najadales, Stigma, Pollination mechanism, Evolution

郭友好,黄双全. 茨藻目植物柱头特征与传粉系统的演化[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

GUO You-Hao, HUANG Shuang-Quan. Evolution of pollination system and characters of stigmas in Najadales[J]. .

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