The Potoushan kaolin deposit in the middle of the Greater Khingan Ranges: identification of lithocaps and its significance

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2024.065

Abstract

Abstract: The area of volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Greater Khingan Ranges accounts for 75%, characterized by the development of copper, molybdenum, tin, lead zinc, gold and silver, and rare metal minerals related to magmatic and hydrothermal activities. The middle section of the Greater Khingan Ranges, where the Potoushan Kaolin deposit is located, mainly develops a compound mineralization system consisting of porphyry type mineralization, epithermal type mineralization, cryptoexplosive breccia type mineralization, and skarn type mineralization, but its overall exploration level is relatively low. Samples from the mining pit and shallow drill cores of the Potoushan kaolin mine have been identified minerals such as kaolinite, dikaite, alunite, pyrophyllite, microveined quartz, chalcedony quartz, sericite, chlorite, pyrophyllite, boehmite, gypsum, barite, pyrite, sphalerite, tellurite, pyrargyrite, cinnabar, limonite, etc., with the characteristic of developing low-temperature advanced argillation such as kaolinization, dickitization, alunitization, clayification, and silicification (chalcedony quartz), belonging to the top "lithocap" of deep porphyry-epithermal system. Based on the identified typical altered minerals, trace metal minerals, and four types of hydrothermal breccia within the mining area, it is speculated that there may be a potential ore bearing magma-hydrothermal system in the deep of Potoushan lithocaps. For the Greater Khingan Ranges, the extensive magmatic activity from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic and the moist and thick forest cover provided sufficient conditions for the development and preservation of "lithocaps". It is suggested that future geological research and exploration work should pay more attention to "lithocap" for discovering more lithocaps, identifying their altered minerals, and researching their genetic mechanisms, to provide theoretical supports for further exploration of potential ore bearing magma-hydrothermal systems in the region.

Key words: lithocaps, low temperature advanced argillation, porphyry-epithermal system, the middle of the Greater Khingan Ranges

CLC Number:

P313

SONG Guoxue, QIN Zhangwei, ZHANG Daiyue, ZHENG Fangshun, XIONG Yuxin. The Potoushan kaolin deposit in the middle of the Greater Khingan Ranges: identification of lithocaps and its significance[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.065.

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