A Cluster Analysis of Seedling Characters of the Gramineae

Abstract

Abstract:

Seeds of 201 species of 83 genera in the Gramineae were collected

from the tropical and subtropical regions of Australia, and the temperate region of

China. Pure live seeds of each species were sown in plastic pots, which were filled

with the mixture of sand and bits of rotted wood (4:1). Seeded pots were kept in

greenhouse at temperature of 20—25°C , and were arranged at random with four

replications in each of the two treatments of sowing depth, 10 mm and 0 mm.

The seedlings were taken as samples for examining 60 morphological and micro-

scopic characters (Appendix), when they grew to the three-leaved stage. Cluster

analysis was made using 60 seedling characters with the 201 species as OTUs. As

a result, four clusters are recognized as follows.

Cluster 1. Festucoid: The group consisted of all the species of the subfamily

Festucoideae, the species of the genera Stipa, Achnatherum, Danthonia and Aristida

in the subfamily Arundinoideae, and those of the genus Microlaena in the

subfamily Bambusoideae. The seedling mesocotyl elongated or not, but not elon-

gated when grew under light. Mesocotyl roots absent. Scutellum and coleorhiza

node roots or coleoptile node roots dominant. The first leaf narrowly linear, erect,

acute at the apex, twisting clockwise or counterclockwise; blade and sheath

3—5-nerved, with the blade length/width ratio 61.65 on an average; The se-

cond and third leaves narrowly linear, acute or acuminate at the apex. The

coleoptile 13.04mm long on an average. The first tiller appeared when the third

leaf emerged.

Cluster 2. Panicoid: All the species of the subfamily Panicoideae, the species

of the genera Eriachne and Monachather in the subfamily Arundinoideae, and the

genus Enneapogon in the subfamily Eragrostidoideae were included in this group.

The seedling mesocotyl elongated, even if growing under light. Mesocotyl roots

present and dominant. Scutellum and coleorhiza node roots absent. The first leaf

oblong-lanceolate, oblong-oblanceolate or spathulate, ascendent or horizontal,

acuminate or obtuse at apex, not twisting; blade and sheath over 7-nerved,

with the blade length/width ratio 8.95 on an average. The second and third

leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex.

Coleoptile 5.29mm long on an average. The first tiller appeared when the fifth

leaf emerged.

Cluster 3. Bambusoideae: This group included the species in the subfamily

Bambusoideae except those in the genus Microlaena. The first and second leaves

without blade in the supertribe Bambusanae. The mesocotyl not elongated.

Scutellum and coleorhiza node roots, and coleoptile node roots completely absent,

only primary root developed. The mesocotyl elongated, mesocotyl roots absent

and coleoptile roots dominant in the supertribe Oryzanae. The blade of the first

leaf suppresed, but the second and third leaves both with blade and sheath.

Cluster 4. Eragrostidoid: The cluster contained the species in the subfamily

Eragrostidoideae except those in the genus Enneapogon. The seedling mesocotyl

elongated, but not elongated when grew under light. The mesocotyl roots mostly

absent, while the coleoptile node roots dominant. The first leaf linear, almost as-

cendent, acute at the apex, not twisting, blade and sheath 5—7 (9)-nerved,

with the blade length/width ratio 11.69 on an average. The second and third

leaves linear, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate at the apex. The

coleoptile 2.60 mm long on an average. The first tiller appeared when the fifth

leaf emerged.

The species of the subfamily Arundinoideae were divided into four clusters.

The results showed that the Arundinoideae could be considered as primitive mem-

ber of the family, from which the subfamilies Panicoideae, Eragrostidoideae and

Festucoideae are derived and specialized.

With exception of a few cases, species in a genus were generally clustered into

one unit and grouped into a subcluster unit.

Seedling characters, like other taxonomic characters, are of important

taxonomic significance, and could be used in classification of the Gramineae.

Key words: Gramineae, Seedlings, Cluster

Han Jian-guo, H. T. Clifford, Jia Shen-xiu, Wang Pei. A Cluster Analysis of Seedling Characters of the Gramineae[J]. .

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A Cluster Analysis of Seedling Characters of the Gramineae

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