Distributions and circulars of water play an important role in understanding the physical and chemical properties of earth interior, geodynamical process, and evolution of earth. This paper reviews the various aspects of water in the earths interior,including the exploring method, state, storage capacity, content in the different spheres of earth, solubility in minerals at high temperature and pressure,and some results from geophysical observations. The amount of water content in the earth's interior may be several times larger than that at the earths surface. Trace water can significantly affect the electrical conductivity and velocity of seismic wave.
A polynomial invariant under the action of a finite group can be rewritten into generators of the invariant ring by Gröbner basis method. The key question is how to find an efficient way to compute the Gröbner basis of the invariant ideal which is positive dimensional. We introduce a lifting algorithm for this computation process. If we use straight line program to analyze the complexity result, this process can be done within polynomial time.
Through comparing the Leggett inequality with Bell inequalities, we investigate the nature of the nonlocal term in Leggett inequality and obtain various Leggett inequalities with different powers of the nonlocal term. We find that in different powers of δ the generalized Leggett inequalities correspond to different degrees of bipartite correlation, that is, the degree of correlation can be determined by the power of δ. The violation degrees of the generalized Leggett inequality and the Bell inequality are compared under the circumstance of quantum mechanics. The relations between violation of inequalities and nonlocal term are analyzed.
The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and dissociative photoionization of methyl acrylate have been studied at the photon energy range of 9.0~15.5 eV by using synchrotron radiation and a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The photoionization mass spectra and photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves for fragment ions m/e=86(C4H6O+2), 85(C4H5O+2), 59(C2H3O+2), 58(C3H6O+), 55(C3H3O+), 42(C3H+6), 31(CH3O+), 27(C2H+3), and 15(CH+3) from methyl acrylate have been measured. In addition, the energetics of the dissociative photoionization species have been calculated using ab initio Gaussian-3 (G3) programs. The calculated ionization energies (IEs) and appearance energies (AEs) are in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the main dissociative photoionization channels, simple bond cleavage reactions, are proposed.
We took industry structure in Shanshan county as the object of research and constructed evaluating indicator system by combining Shanshan development as well as the present situation of industry structure. By using DEA (data envelopement analysis) method and Matlab, we appraised the industry structure of Shanshan from 2002 to 2006.The results showed that the overall economic efficiency of the industrial structure of Shanshan county was relatively effective: the industry structures of 2002 and 2003 were DEA effective and those of 2004, 2005 and 2006 were weak DEA effective. Finally, the ranking showed that the industry structure of 2002 was the best for the selected five years and it can be used as a reference to optimize the industry structure.
This paper studied the urban planning in Shenyang-Fushun metropolitan area under 3 scenarios using SLEUTH model. The results showed that the low ecological protection scenario resulted in rapid urban sprawl and area decrease of farmland, forest, and other landscape types. The stringent ecological protection scenario well kept compact urban growth pattern and led to low occupation on other landscape types, but urban growth rate was limited in conflict with the regional economic development. The moderate ecological protection scenario is recommended for future development of this area if the diffused urban growth pattern is further controlled.
A numerical model is presented for simulating groundwater contamination from the non-point sources of nitrogen in an agricultural ecosystem. We successfully established a model based on only the short-term and limited observed field data and field tests through the reasonable conceptualizations, stepwise parameter calibrations, and process integrations, which made the calibrated model more reliable. The recharge rates and nitrogen loading into groundwater were obtained by the inverse modeling approach. The results obtained would be informative for quantitative understanding of groundwater contamination from the non-point sources of nitrogen in agricultural ecosystems, especially for effective monitoring and model parameter estimations.
This paper proposes a method of 3D dynamic object reconstruction based on light field rendering. At the present, for IBM(image based modeling) it is difficult to construct models for complex scene, while for IBR(image based rendering) real-time rendering of dynamic scene is infeasible due to a large amount of data. Thus in this paper, we introduce the method of modeling associated with images. We reconstruct 3D dynamic model from multi-view video images, utilize LFM(light field mapping) algorithm to sample light field of 3D model, and then decompose and compress the samples. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce amount of data while guaranteeing the realities, and realize reconstruction of 3D dynamic object.
This paper presents a novel structure of capacitive readout circuit for fully differential capacitive sensor. The operation of this circuit is controlled by a nonoverlapping two-phase clock. This circuit is not sensitive to parasitic capacitor. Using correlated double sampling(CDS), the low-frequency noise and voltage offset have been suppressed, so that the resolution and dynamic range of the circuit have been improved. The experiment chip has been fabricated in the standard 0.35μm CMOS process, with a single 5V power supply, and the die size is 0.7mm×1.8mm. The results show that the readout circuit achieves a resolution of 0.4aF/√Hz with 118dB dynamic range under 1MHz sampling frequency.
Hyperspectral images have been widely used in earth observation. However, there are some problems such as huge amount of data and high correlation between bands. The existing band selection algorithms have been analyzed in this article regarding to the problems mentioned above. An application of genetic algorithm based on image information content and between-class separability criteria was proposed to band selection of hyperspectral image. The correlation coefficient matrix was formed for subspace partition. The fitness functions of genetic algorithm were reconstructed by using joint entropy as criterion of information content and Bhattacharya distance as between-class separability. The selection operator in genetic algorithm was improved. Finally, the improved algorithm was tested with AVIRIS image data. The maximum likelihood classification method was implemented to classify the selected optimal band combinations. The classification results illustrate that the total classification accuracy percentage of the chosen band image is 94.24% and Kappa coefficient 0.94.
With the rapid growing of business types in space communication network, there is a higher demand on the network performance. In this paper, we proposed a new scheme to improve the QoS performance,and introduced the DiffServ over MPLS technology into the deep space network communications. The simulation results show that our scheme commendably fulfills the demands of transmission delay, packet loss rate, and other performance requirements in stream media like voice and video business.
The proposed localization algorithm first generates clusters and a spanning tree consisting of cluster heads, and then the cluster head computes local coordinates of all member nodes in the cluster. Finally, it generates a global coordinate of all nodes through the above spanning tree. Analysis and simulation show that the proposed algorithm has higher cover rate and precision of localization, lower network traffic, less time consumption, and higher scalability than the existing SDGPSN.
On the basis of our study on block cipher and its operation mode, a novel grow tree composite model was proposed using the theory in orthogonal space. All the classical block cipher algorithms can be composed into a new output sequence with high security and low computation complexity. The experimental result and theoretical analysis show the excellent performance of this model.
Security and survivability are important requirements of dedicated computer system. The legacy embedded operating systems with microkernel suffer from lacking of these desired features. In this paper, we propose ultra-kernel model to make dedicated system tolerant code bugs and improve the security of system. We have implemented a prototype firewall system based on our ultra-kernel design in a developing environment. Measurements show that, latency at 10Mbps of ultra-kernel system is about 20% better than at Linux system on the same hardware platform.
One privacy-related problem is that the member in a group would like to only communicate with the member of the same group. When they are in the same group, message should be authenticated.Otherwise, nothing about the affiliation information could be leaked. After the communication, the sender would not like to leave evidence for convincing others.To the best of our knowledge,all the existing designs are not efficient in solving this kind of problems. We formalized the problem, proposed a non-interactive deniable organization hiding authentication, and proved our scheme in our model.
Using the cross-variance matrix of polarimetric interferometric SAR data which suffers less from noises,we proposed a new forest height estimation method. The method uses the singular decomposition of cross-variance matrix, instead of the eigen decomposition of coherence matrix in ESPRIT method, to obtain the interferometric phases of forest scattering centers. Then, forest heights are estimated from their interferometric phase differences. The proposed method not only suppresses the noise effects on the estimations for forest scattering centers, but also improves the computation efficiency. The L-band simulated polarimetric interferometric SAR data for the pine forest support the proposed method.
A clock calibration method for RFID tag is proposed, including an EPC Gen2 compatible clock calibration command, an on-tag current switch network,and a reader-tag successive approximation calibration process. The results show that the method calibrates 50% fabrication error to 0.4% with 8-bit calibration registers.
Large network systems need monitoring to detect flaws and bottlenecks. Many existing monitoring tools only provide overall statistics about global performance metrics. In order to expose the systems internal behavior, we propose a metadata based approach to record the actual execution paths. We have designed proper data structure and information propagation mechanisms to trace the applications internal critical performance-related events. This approach can apply to many network protocols and applications,and it helps capture the sequential and causal relations across domains. Thus it opens a way to diagnose large and complex network systems.