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中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 492-499.DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2018.04.011

• 化学与生物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

圆明园琉璃瓦片状云母氧化铁的形成机理

窦金海1, 王彩旗1, 崔剑锋2, 金和天3, 张中华3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院大学化学科学学院, 北京 100049;
    2. 北京大学考古文博学院, 北京 100871;
    3. 北京市文物研究所, 北京 100009
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-24 修回日期:2017-05-09 发布日期:2018-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 王彩旗, 崔剑锋
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB057)和国家自然科学基金(51671179)资助

Forming mechanism of mica iron oxide from glazed tiles in Yuanmingyuan

DOU Jinhai1, WANG Caiqi1, CUI Jianfeng2, JIN Hetian3, ZHANG Zhonghua3   

  1. 1. School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    2. School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    3. Beijing Institute of Culture Relics, Beijing 100009, China
  • Received:2017-02-24 Revised:2017-05-09 Published:2018-07-15

摘要: 使用光学显微镜、EDXRF、SEM、XPS和XRD对圆明园出土的部分黄色琉璃瓦釉黄中泛红现象进行分析,以研究琉璃瓦的变色机理。分析表明:琉璃瓦的釉层属于一种铅硅系玻璃,釉层呈现黄中泛红现象是由于红色区域和黄色区域中Fe存在形式不同所致,釉层红色区域中Fe主要是以α-Fe2O3晶体形式存在,黄色区域中Fe是以Fe3+与Fe2+的形式存在。这种现象产生的本质是由于黄色区域中的Fe2+在高温条件下被O2氧化为Fe3+,然而高温导致釉层流失,进而导致釉层中的Fe3+析出富聚为六角片状的α-Fe2O3晶体颗粒所致。α-Fe2O3显红色又被称为云母氧化铁红,是非常重要的防锈防腐涂料以及珠光颜料。

关键词: 圆明园, 琉璃瓦, 颜色变化, &alpha, -Fe2O3

Abstract: This experiment analyzes the diffused red in yellowing phenomenon of partial yellow glazed tiles unearthed from Yuanmingyuan by means of optical microscope, EDXRF, SEM, XPS, and XRD in order to study the color change mechanism. The analyses suggest that the glaze layer of the sample tiles belongs to a kind of lead silicate glass and that the diffused red in yellowing phenomenon of glaze is due to the different forms of Fe within the glaze layer, with α-Fe2O3 crystal dominating the red area and Fe3+ and Fe2+ existing simultaneously in the yellow area. The study shows the phenomenon can be explained by the process of oxidation of Fe2+ into Fe3+ in the yellow area at high temperature during which glaze layers are lost. It further results in abundant precipitation of Fe3+ in the form of hexagonal plate α-Fe2O3 crystal particle, which is also called micaceous iron oxide red being very important rust preventive and pearlescent pigment.

Key words: Yuanmingyuan, glazed tiles, color change, α-Fe2O3

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