福建省沿海村镇发展分异特征与模式识别——以东山县为例

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2019.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 经济开放与快速城镇化对村镇地区产生深远影响，已有研究在宏观尺度上对村镇产业类型和城乡关系展开探讨。基于村域尺度的微观研究，有利于揭示行政村实际特征和要素差异，从而识别村镇发展模式并形成参考意见。以福建省沿海村镇东山县60个行政村为实证研究对象，通过亮点分析法区分亮点村与一般村，选取社会经济与地理指标构建多元回归模型，分析村际发展分异要素及影响程度。结果表明，东山县村际发展差异与地理区位、人口、产业发展、财政制度等要素有关联，其中海岸可达性、距县城距离、外出务工人口、渔业产值、人均财政支出对亮点村有显著性影响。东山县亮点村形成了两类发展模式：一类是城镇化影响下非农产业多元发展的"城镇化带动型"；另一类是依托海洋资源，以海洋渔业及其附加产业为主导的"特色产业发展型"。在这两类发展模式下城镇化村和新型渔（农）村正在形成。从微观视角研究东山县村镇发展模式的特征与不足，并探讨福建省在多要素作用下产生的多样化村镇发展模式的共性和差异性。结果可为沿海地区村镇结合自身优势条件因地制宜选择发展措施提供科学依据。

关键词: 村镇, 亮点, 发展特征, 模式, 东山县

Abstract: Economic opening and rapid urbanization have caused profound impacts on rural areas. Numerous studies have focused on industrial types and relationship between urban and rural areas in a macro scale. However, micro scale study at village level will identify the actual characteristics of villages and also the heterogeneity of development elements so as to generate village-town models and form reference resolutions. Based on the political background of rural revitalization strategy, we took 60 administrative villages of Dongshan County in Fujian Province as an empirical study case. Bright spot analysis was applied to detect bright spots based on annual per capita income of the 60 villages. Based on social-economic and geographical indexes, a multiple regression model was developed to quantitatively analyze the differences among the selected villages. The results indicate that different economic levels among the villages were related to geographical location, population, industrial development, and financial system. Coast accessibility, distance to the county center, migrant population, fishery production, and per capita fiscal expenditure were significantly correlated to the economic levels of the bright spots. Two types of development models were generated. One type is motivated by urbanization, which has a balanced development of diverse non-agricultural industries including construction, transportation, and commercial service. The other is dominated by characteristic industries which has developed marine fishery and related industrial schemes. Furthermore, urban-oriented village and new type of fishing village were identified. This research demonstrated the characteristics and deficiency of villages and towns in Dongshan County, and further discussed the diversified development models formed by multiple factors in Fujian Province. The results provide micro insights into village-town development models in coastal areas of China and lay scientific foundation and decision-support for rural areas to decide countermeasures and development models according to local advantages.

Key words: village and town, bright spot, development characteristics, model, Dongshan County

中图分类号:

K901

陈希冀, 郭青海, 肖黎姗, 朱玲, 李明峰, 杨德伟. 福建省沿海村镇发展分异特征与模式识别——以东山县为例[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2019, 36(3): 338-346.

CHEN Xiji, GUO Qinghai, XIAO Lishan, ZHU Ling, LI Mingfeng, YANG Dewei. Characteristics and models of village-town development in Fujian coastal area: a case study of Dongshan County[J]. , 2019, 36(3): 338-346.

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