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中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 405-415.DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2020.03.014

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唐西州时期吐鲁番的桃树栽培——从出土文书及实物证据谈起

赵美莹1,2, 王龙3, 党志豪4, 蒋洪恩2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所/脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室, 北京 100044;
    2. 中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系, 北京 100049;
    3. 新疆吐鲁番学研究院, 新疆 吐鲁番 838000;
    4. 新疆文物考古研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-06 修回日期:2018-08-22 发布日期:2020-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 蒋洪恩
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41672171)和中国科学院大学校所合作项目(校所-56)资助

Cultivation of peach in ancient Turpan during the Xizhou Period in the Tang Dynasty studied on the basis of unearthed documents and plant remains

ZHAO Meiying1,2, WANG Long3, DANG Zhihao4, JIANG Hongen2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of CAS, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;
    2. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Academia Turfanica, Turpan 838000, Xinjiang, China;
    4. Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute, Urumqi 830011, China
  • Received:2018-06-06 Revised:2018-08-22 Published:2020-05-15

摘要: 桃是中国重要的水果之一,经丝绸之路西传至古波斯。作为丝路重镇的吐鲁番地区,晋唐时期的桃树栽培是否存在却始终未能确定。《吐鲁番出土文书》中曾出现"桃"字,学界对其释读说法不一,主要分为"无桃说"和"有桃说"两种观点。本文从历史记载和实物证据两方面入手,结合《吐鲁番出土文书》及吐鲁番木尔吐克萨依戍堡出土的桃核遗存,通过文献梳理、年代测定和植物学鉴定等研究,认为至迟在唐西州时期,吐鲁番地区已经存在桃树栽培。

关键词: 桃, 葡萄, 高昌, 出土文书, 木尔吐克萨依戍堡

Abstract: Peach (Amygdalus persica) is one of the oldest and most important fruits in China, and it was transmitted to ancient Persia through the Silk Road. The cultivation of peach in ancient Turpan, which was the important crossroads in the Silk Road, was still controversial. The "桃" appearing in the Turpan Documents aroused controversies which are divided into two views, "no peach" and "with peach". Based on unearthed documents and plant remains discovered in the Murtukesayi garrison in Turpan, it was suggested that peach cultivation had already existed in Turpan no later than the Xizhou Period in the Tang Dynasty.

Key words: peach, grape, Gaochang, unearthed documents, Murtukesayi garrison

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