印度板块持续向北运动的驱动力来源——基于地幔动力学数值模拟的讨论

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2021.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 印度板块与欧亚板块在60 Ma前开始最初的碰撞，持续至今已造成亚洲一侧至少1 000 km以上的缩短，形成巨大的青藏高原。是怎样一种力驱动着印度板块能够克服巨大的欧亚板块和青藏高原的阻力在这么长的时间里持续向北运动是岩石圈动力学研究中一个重要的问题。利用S20RTS地震层析成像模型S波速度分布换算出的地球密度和温度结构为初始条件，以绝对板块运动为地表约束，开展三维地幔动力学模拟。计算结果表明，印度板块之下软流圈地幔对岩石圈向北的拖曳力，可能是印度板块持续运动和造成青藏高原隆起的驱动力的主要来源。在碰撞边界下，印度岩石圈向北俯冲带动了地幔软流层运动。

关键词: 印度—欧亚板块碰撞, 青藏高原, 软流层, 层析成像, 数值模拟

Abstract: The collision between the Indian and Asian plates started about 60 Ma ago. It has continued to shorten the Asian side by at least 1 000 km, and thus formed the huge Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. One important lithospheric dynamical issue is what kind of force could overcome such huge resistance from the Asian plate and from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and drive the Indian plate continuously moving northward for such a long time. We performed 3D numerical modeling to reveal the role of mantle flow for the dynamics of the India-Asia collision by considering the global temperature structure converted from the seismic tomographic model S20RTS as initial temperature and the absolute plate motion velocities as initial surficial velocity boundary conditions. Our results suggest that drags from the moving asthenospheric mantle could be the main cause for transporting Indian plate northward.

Key words: India-Asia collision, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, asthenospheric flow, seismic tomography, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

P311.9

郑群凡, 石耀霖. 印度板块持续向北运动的驱动力来源——基于地幔动力学数值模拟的讨论[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2021, 38(6): 721-728.

ZHENG Qunfan, SHI Yaolin. Driving forces for ongoing northward indentation of India into Asia: insight from 3D numerical modeling of mantle dynamics[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 38(6): 721-728.

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