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我国各级教育资源的地区差距及其社会经济效益*

李佳洺, 田茂锬, 刘嘉川   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京,100101;
    中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院,北京,100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-01 修回日期:2026-01-26 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:liujiachuan6418@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金(42171178)资助

Regional disparities in multi-tiered educational resources and their socioeconomic impacts in China

LI Jiaming, TIAN Maotan, LIU Jiachuan   

  1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research,CAS,Beijing,100101,China;
    College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China
  • Received:2025-08-01 Revised:2026-01-26 Published:2026-01-26

摘要: 教育是一国之本,各级教育投入对国家发展具备极其重要的意义。本研究从我国教育事业整体和初等教育、中等教育、高等教育三阶段入手,在刻画我国各级教育投入地区差异的基础上,建立计量经济学模型分析了各城市各类基础教育投入与经济增长的关系。结果表明:1)中国教育开始步入基础教育质量提升与高等教育扩张阶段,加速“人口红利”向“人才红利”转变。2)教育资源存在严重的空间差异和错配问题,亟须强化资源配置合理性。3)平均受教育年限高值区呈“东部、东北地区带状+核心城市点状分布”格局,西部地区整体和各省非省会城市受教育水平相对较低。4)教育支出兼具短期消费效应和长期投资效应,投资效应对经济增长的作用更强。5)高等教育和中等教育对经济增长的推动作用更为显著,而初等教育对经济增长的直接贡献有限,其基础性作用需通过中等和高等教育的提升来实现对经济增长的正向贡献。

关键词: 教育投入, 财政经费, 地区差异, 经济增长

Abstract: Education constitutes the foundation of national development, with investment in education at all levels holding paramount significance. This study examines China's educational system holistically and through its three-tier structure (primary, secondary, and higher education), establishing econometric models to analyze the relationship between regional investment in education at different levels and economic growth after mapping geographical disparities in educational funding. Key findings indicate: 1) China's education system is transitioning toward quality enhancement in basic education alongside higher education expansion, accelerating the shift from "demographic dividend" to "talent dividend"; 2) Severe spatial disparities and resource misallocation necessitate optimized resource distribution; 3) High-value clusters of average education duration exhibit "contiguous corridors punctuated by core-city clusters," while western regions and non-provincial-capital cities demonstrate lower educational attainment; 4) Education expenditure generates both short-term consumption effects and long-term investment effects, with the latter exerting stronger economic growth impacts; 5) Higher and secondary education drive more substantial growth effects, while primary education—though limited in direct economic returns—forms the essential foundation for secondary and tertiary education.

Key words: education investment, fiscal expenditure, regional disparities, economic growth

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