全球碳循环研究中“碳失汇”研究进展

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2004.2.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球碳循环是全球生物地球化学的主要研究方向之一,目前其重点集中在“碳失汇”(missingsink)问题的研究上.最近的研究表明,“碳失汇”产生的主要原因是北方陆地森林生态系统对碳的固定、海洋对碳的吸收、岩石圈中CaCO₃ H₂O CO₂ 系统 (岩溶动力系统)对碳的吸收,以及陆地上碳库的转移.寻找“碳失汇”的技术手段为现代地理信息系统与遥感技术和全球统一的野外定点监测相结合,加以模型研究.

关键词: 碳循环, 碳失汇, 森林生态系统, 海洋, 岩石圈

Abstract:

The global carbon cycling is one of the core projects of global biogeochemistry. It is concentrated on themissing sink. Because of the complexity of carbon cycles in ecosystems and the limitation of methodology,there aremany difficulties with confirming the existence of missing sink,or determining the location or causes of missingsink. Recently,it has been found that the most part of missing sink lies in the carbon-fixing by boreal terrestrialforest,the absorption by ocean,and the carbon sink in carbonate rock area,as well as the transportation of carbonpool from terrestrial ecosystem to oceans. The approaches for future research on missing sink are integration of thegeographic information techniques and field measurement,with the aid of modeling.

Key words: carbon cycle, missing sink, forest ecosystem, ocean, lithosphere

中图分类号:

X142

徐小锋, 宋长春. 全球碳循环研究中“碳失汇”研究进展[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2004, 21(2): 145-152.

XU Xiao-Feng, SONG Chang-Chun. Advances of the Research on Missing Sink in Global Carbon Cycling[J]. , 2004, 21(2): 145-152.

参考文献

[1] Han Xing-Guo, Li Ling-Hao, Huang Jian-Hui. The fundamental of biogeochemistry. Beijing : Higher Education Press,1999. 177-185

[2] Houghton J T, Jenkins GJ, Ephraums J J. Climate change : the IPCC scientific assessment. NewYork : Cambridge Univ Press, 1990. 283-310

[3] Norby R. Carbon cycle : inside the black box. Nature, 1997, 388 :522-523

[4] IGBP Terrestrial Carbon Working Group. The terrestrial carbon cycle : implications for the Kyoto protocol. Science, 1998, 280 : 1393-1394

[5] Lawler A. Research lime light falls on carbon cycle. Science, 1998, 280 : 1683-1684

[6] Chen Qing-Qiang, Shen Cheng-De, Yi Wei-Xi, et al. Advanced in the research on soil carbon cycling. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1998,13 (6) :555-563

[7] Yang Xin, Wang Ming-Xing. Reviews of several aspects of terrestrial carbon cycling. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2001, 16 (3) : 427-435

[8] Wang Ye-Xu, Zhao Shi-Dong, Niu Dong. Research state of soil carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1999, 18(5) : 29-35

[9] Yuan Dao-Xian. Carbon cycle in earth system and its effects on environment and resources. Quaternary Sciences, 2001, 22 (3) : 223-232

[10] Goreau TJ. Balancing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ambio, 1990, 19 : 230-236

[11] Batjes N H, Brides EM, eds. A reviewof soil factor sand processes that control fluxes of heat, moisture and green-house Gases. International SoilReference and Information Center, Wageningen. 1994. 97-148

[12] Reiners WA. A summary of the world carbon cycle and recommendations for critical research. In : Woodwell GM, Pecan E V. eds. Carbon andBiosphere. CONF72～0510 : National Technical Information Service, Spring field, V. A. 1973. 368-382

[13] Woodwell GM. Biotic effects on the concentration of atmospheric carbon Dioxide : a review and projection, in Changing Climate. Washington D C:Natl Acad,1983. 216-241

[14] Trablka J Red. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the global carbon cycle. DOEPER～0239, Washington D C:U S Department of Energy,1985

[15] Houghton J T, Jenkins GJ,Ephraums J J. Climate change : the IPCC scientific assessment. New York : Cambridge Univ Press, 1990. 283-310

[16] Tans P P, Fung I Y,Takahashi T. Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO₂ budget. Science, 1990, 247 : 1431-1438

[17] IPCC. Climate change 1994 : radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scnarios, cambridge. UK: CambridgeUniversity Press,1994

[18] Sedjo R A. Temperate forest ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. Ambio,1992,21 :274-277

[19] Houghton R A. Changes in the storage of terrestrial carbon since 1850. In : Lai R, et al. eds. Soil and Global Changes. Florida : CRC Press, BocaRaton, 1995. 45-65

[20] Schlesinger W H. Biogeochemistry : an analysis of global change. San Diego, California :Academic Press,1997

[21] Siegenthaler U,Sramiento J L. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean. Nature, 1993, 365 : 119-125

[22] Gates D M I. CO₂ and plants. Boulder, Colorado :West View Press, 1983. 7-20

[23] Freeman C, et al. Export of organic carbon from peat soils. Nature, 2001, 412 :785-787

[24] Wang Xiao-Ke, Bai Yan-Ying, Ouyang Zhi-Yun, et al. Missing sink in global carbon cycle and its causes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2002,22 (1) :94-103

[25] Keeling C D, Bacastow R B, Carter A F, et al. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO₂ transport based on observed winds,Analysis of ob₂servational data. In : Perters on D H. Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Washington D C. Geophys. Monogr.Ser.,AGU,1989,55 :165-236

[26] Houghton R A. Effects of land-use change, surface temperature, and CO₂ concentration on terrestrial stores of carbon. In :GM Woodwell,Mack-enzie F T,eds. Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System: Willthe Warming Feed the Warming ?New York : Oxford Univ Press, 1995. 333-350

[27] Dai A,Fung I Y. Can climate variability contributes to the“missing”CO₂ sinks. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1993, 7 : 599-609

[28] Tian H, Mellilo J M, Kichlighter D W, et al. Effects of interannual climate variability on carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems. Nature, 1998,396 : 664-667

[29] Goulden ML, William Munger J, Fan SM, et al. Exchange of carbon dioxide by a deciduous forest : Response to interannual climate variability.Science, 1996, 271 : 1576-1578

[30] Dixon R K, Brown S, Houghton R A, et al. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science, 1994, 263 : 185-190

[31] Dhakhwa GB, et al. Maize growth : assessing the effects of global warming and CO₂ fertilization with crop models. Agricultural and Forest Meteo2rology, 1998, 87 (4) :251-270

[32] Wigley TML, Schimel D S, eds. The carbon cycle. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2000. 9-10 ;77-92

[33] Sharkey T D. Photosynthesis in inact leaves of C3 plants : physics, physiology and rate limitations. BotRev., 1985, 51 :507

[34] Gunderson C A, Wullschleger S D. Photosynthetic acclimation in trees to rising atmospheric CO₂ : A broader perspective. Photosyth. Res., 1994,39 : 369-388

[35] Rogers H H, Runion GB. Plant responses to atmospheric CO₂ environment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere. Environmental Pollution,1994, 83 : 155-189

[36] Friedlingstein P, Fung I, Holland E, et al. On the contribution of CO₂ to the missing biospheric sink. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1995, 9 :541-556

[37] Cao Mingkui, F Ian Woodward. Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change. Nature, 1998, 393 : 249-252

[38] Fan S, Gloor M, Mahlman J, et al. North American carbon sink. Science, 1999, 283 : 1815

[39] Reeburgh W S. Figures summarizing the global cycles of biogeochemically important elements. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,1997,260-267

[40] Yuan Dao-Xian. The carbon cycle in karst. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Neue Folge, 1997, 108 (Suppl2Bd) :91-102

[41] The Institute of Geochemistry, CAS. Advanced geochemistry. Beijing :Science Press, 1998. 388-394

[42] Woodwell GD, Mackenzie F T, Houghton R A, et al. Biotic feedbacks in the warming of the earth. Climate Change, 1998,40 :495-518

[43] Jackson R B. Belowground processes and global change. Ecological Applications, 2000, 10 :397-398

[44] Schimel D S, House J L, et al. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature, 2001,414 :169-172

[45] Chen Yi-Yu. Trend of the IGBP project. Advance in Earth Sciences. 2001, 16 (1) : 15-17