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敦煌吐鲁番文书中的“草豉”考*

陈涛1, 艾力江·艾沙2, 蒋洪恩3†   

  1. 1 山西大学考古文博学院,太原030006;
    2 中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101;
    3 中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系,北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-06 修回日期:2023-03-22 发布日期:2023-04-23
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: jianghongen@ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *国家社会科学基金一般项目“新疆吐鲁番三至十三世纪期间的植物利用与文化交流研究”(22BKG041)

A study on the word “Caochi” in Dunhuang and Turpan document

CHEN Tao1, ALIJIANG Aisha2, JIANG Hong'en3   

  1. 1 School of Archaeology and Museology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
    2 Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    3 Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2022-12-06 Revised:2023-03-22 Published:2023-04-23

摘要: 敦煌和吐鲁番文书中多处记载有“草豉”,传世文献对其也偶有提及。然而,长期以来,学术界对“草豉”的名实问题关注较少,仅有的研究也是探讨古代饮食和香料利用时一笔带过,未见相关专题研究。本文综合传世文献、出土文书和植物形态学从功能、产地和植物性状三个角度对敦煌和吐鲁番文书中记载的“草豉”进行了详细考证,研究发现“草豉”即为瘤果黑种草(Nigella glandulifera),唐五代时期主要被敦煌和吐鲁番先民用作药物和制饼、做粥时添加的调味品。

关键词: 敦煌文书, 吐鲁番文书, 传世文献, 草豉, 瘤果黑种草

Abstract: There are abundant records of “Caochi” in Dunhuang and Turpan document and it is also occasionally mentioned in the historical literature. However, for a long time, the academic has paid little attention to the study of meaning of “Caochi”, with only some brief discussion about it when work on the ancient diet and species use for Dunhuang people during the period of Tang and Five dynasties. Based on the historical literature, unearthed document and plant morphology, this paper made a detailed study on the word “Caochi” from the aspects of function, origin and plant trait. The result showed that “Caochi” was Nigella glandulifera and it was used as medicine and condiment by the inhabitant in Dunhuang and Turpan during the period of Tang and Five dynasties.

Key words: Dunhuang document, Turpan document, historical literature, Caochi, Nigella glandulifera

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