Compression-sensing-based algorithm for the azimuth interrupted data reconstruction of spaceborne IFMCW SAR

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2023.038

Abstract

Abstract: The interrupted frequency modulated continuous wave (IFMCW) SAR is an economical and practical solution for the development of light-duty and miniature spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems due to its light weight, small size, low power consumption, and low data rate. However, data interruptions occurs in the received azimuthal signals due to the alternation between the “transmit” and “receive” modes of IFMCW SAR, which lead to pseudo-peaks on both sides of the target in the imaging result. In this paper, a compression sensing-based azimuthal interrupted data reconstruction method for IFMCW SAR is proposed, employing stage-wise orthogonal matching pursuit (StOMP) and sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (SAMP) to azimuthal data reconstruction for the first time. The proposed method solves the problem of the existing algorithm, which requires sparsity as a priori knowledge. In addition, the method optimizes the SAMP structure, which improves the applicability of the algorithm on IFMCW SAR's data reconstruction. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is verified by processing both simulated point target and ground truth echo data with unknown sparsity. Furthermore, the processing speed and reconstruction effect are compared with the original algorithm, revealing the good performance of the improved SAMP algorithm in sparse scenarios and the advantage of StOMP in complex scenarios.

Key words: interrupted frequency modulated continuous wave, synthetic aperture radar, compressed sensing, data reconstruction

CLC Number:

TN95

ZHONG Shengyiliu, QIAO Ming, LIU Yunlong, ZHANG Tong. Compression-sensing-based algorithm for the azimuth interrupted data reconstruction of spaceborne IFMCW SAR[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.038.

References

[1] Villano M, Ustalli N, Dell'Amore L, et al. NewSpace SAR: Disruptive concepts for cost-effective earth observation missions[C]//2020 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf20). September 21-25, 2020, Florence, Italy. IEEE, 2020: 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266694.
[2] 邓云凯, 禹卫东, 张衡, 等. 未来星载SAR技术发展趋势[J]. 雷达学报, 2020, 9(1): 1-33. DOI: 10.12000/JR20008.
[3] Stove A G.Linear FMCW radar techniques[J]. IEE Proceedings F Radar and Signal Processing, 1992, 139(5): 343-350. DOI: 10.1049/ip-f-2.1992.0048.
[4] Ahmed N, Underwood C. Monostatic CW SAR concept for microsatellites[C/OL]// EUSAR2010 - 8th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar. June 7-10, 2010, Aachen, Germany. VDE, 2010:736-739.(2011-06-1) [2023-04-07] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5758835
[5] Liu K, Yu W D, Lv J Y.Azimuth interrupted FMCW SAR for high-resolution imaging[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2022, 19: 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2020.3019047.
[6] Liu Y, Deng Y K, Wang R, et al.Signal model and imaging algorithm for spaceborne interrupted continuous-wave synthetic aperture radar[J]. IET Radar Sonar & Navigation, 2012, 6(5): 348-358. DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2011.0287.
[7] Hoogeboom P, Hanssen R, Pastena M, et al. PanelSAR, an FMCW based X-band smallsat SAR for infrastructure monitoring[C/OL]//Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Advanced RF Sensors and Remote Sensing Instruments. November 4-7, 2014, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. (2014-11-4) [2023-04-07] https://pure.tudelft.nl/ws/files/53665942/ARSI_2014_Hoogeboom_etal.pdf
[8] Li N, Niu S L, Guo Z W, et al.Processing spaceborne interrupted FMCW SAR data with modified aperture interpolation technique[C]//IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. July 22-27, 2018, Valencia, Spain. IEEE, 2018: 6695-6698. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518659.
[9] Liu X Q, Li N, Shu G F, et al.Generation of high-quality spaceborne interrupted FMCW SAR images via singular value threshold-based matrix completion[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2022, 19: 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2022.3157466.
[10] Ahmed N, Sun B, Chen J.Enhanced azimuth resolution for spaceborne interrupted FMCW sar through spectral analysis[C]//IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. July 22-27, 2018, Valencia, Spain. IEEE, 2018: 593-596. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518477.
[11] Ahmed N, Sun B, Chen J.Two dimensional image formation of interrupted FMCW SAR through spectral analysis[C]//2018 China International SAR Symposium (CISS). October 10-12, 2018, Shanghai, China. IEEE, 2018: 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/SARS.2018.8551989.
[12] Liu K, Yu W D, Lv J Y, et al.Parameter design and imaging method of spaceborne azimuth interrupted FMCW SAR[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2022, 19: 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2021.3095173.
[13] Candes E J, Wakin M B.An introduction to compressive sampling[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2008, 25(2): 21-30. DOI: 10.1109/MSP.2007.914731.
[14] Donoho D L.Compressed sensing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006, 52(4): 1289-1306. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.2006.871582.
[15] Candes E J, Tao T.Near-optimal signal recovery from random projections: Universal encoding strategies?[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006, 52(12): 5406-5425. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.2006.885507.
[16] Candes E J, Romberg J, Tao T.Robust uncertainty principles: Exact signal reconstruction from highly incomplete frequency information[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006, 52(2): 489-509. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.2005.862083.
[17] Bora A, Jalal A, Price E, et al.Compressed sensing using generative models[C]//Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 70. August 6 - 11, 2017, Sydney, NSW, Australia. New York: ACM, 2017: 537-546. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1703.03208.
[18] Liu K, Yu W D.Interrupted FMCW SAR imaging via sparse reconstruction[C]//IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. September 26 - October 2, 2020, Waikoloa, HI, USA. IEEE, 2021: 1564-1567. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS39084.2020.9323142.
[19] Quegan S.Spotlight synthetic aperture radar: signal processing algorithms[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 1997, 59(5): 597-598. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6826(97)83336-6.
[20] Donoho D L, Tsaig Y, Drori I, et al.Sparse solution of underdetermined systems of linear equations by stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2012, 58(2): 1094-1121. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.2011.2173241.
[21] Do T T, Gan L, Nguyen N, et al.Sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm for practical compressed sensing[C]//2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. October 26-29, 2008, Pacific Grove, CA, USA. IEEE, 2009: 581-587. DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074472.
[22] Wang J, Kwon S, Shim B.Generalized orthogonal matching pursuit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2012, 60(12): 6202-6216. DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2012.2218810.
[23] Wang R, Loffeld O, Nies H, et al.Focus FMCW SAR data using the wavenumber domain algorithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010, 48(4): 2109-2118. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2034368.