UFMC waveform design for L-band digital aeronautical communication systems

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2024.070

Abstract

Abstract: The L-band Digital Aeronautical Communication System (LDACS) is one of the primary candidate solutions for future aviation broadband communication. The spectrum of the LDACS system is embedded between adjacent channels of the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME). The orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique it employs results in significant out-of-band radiation, causing some interference with the DME system. Additionally, the OFDM waveform has a relatively low frequency band utilization. To address these issues, a waveform design method for LDACS based on Universal-Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) is proposed. Initially referencing the OFDM configuration of the LDACS system, a transceiver framework based on UFMC is designed. Subsequently, Chebyshev prototype filters are chosen, and a method involving interpolation masking is employed to design sharp cutoff filters suitable for the UFMC system. Finally, the performance is compared with LDACS systems based on OFDM and filtered OFDM. Simulation results indicate that the UFMC waveform design method, while maintaining system error rates, achieves lower out-of-band radiation, reduced peak to average power ratio, and improved time-frequency efficiency.

Key words: L band digital aviation communication system(LDACS), universal filtering multi-carriers(UFMC), waveform design, out of band radiation, peak to average power ratio

CLC Number:

TN914.3

WANG Lei, GUI Yehan. UFMC waveform design for L-band digital aeronautical communication systems[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.070.

References

[1] Schröder-Hinrichs J, Song D W, Fonseca T, et al. Transport2040: Automation, technology, employment-the future of work[J]. TransportRN: Other Transportation, 2019, n. DOI:10.21677/itf.2019.01.04.
[2] Zhang J.Aeronautical mobile communication: The evolution from narrowband to broadband[J]. Engineering, 2021, 7(4). DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.002.
[3] Neji N, de Lacerda R, Azoulay A, et al. Survey on the future aeronautical communication system and its development for continental communications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2013, 62(1): 182-191. DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2012.2207138.
[4] 朱永文, 喻兰辰晖. L波段数字航空通信系统研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报, 2022, 54(4): 700-714. DOI:10.16356/j.1005-2615.2022.04.017.
[5] Gräupl T, Ehammer M. LDACS1 data link layer evolution for ATN/IPS[C]//2011 IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Seattle, WA, USA. IEEE, 2011: 4C4-1-4C4-16. DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2011.6095906.
[6] Mäurer N, Gräupl T, Schmitt C.Evaluation of the LDACS cybersecurity implementation[C]//2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2019: 1-10. DOI: 10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081786.
[7] Bellido-Manganell M A, Gräupl T, Heirich O, et al. LDACS flight trials: Demonstration and performance analysis of the future aeronautical communications system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2022, 58(1): 615-634. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2021.3111722.
[8] Franzen N, Arkhipov A, Schnell M. L-DACS1 physical layer laboratory demonstrator[C]// Proceedings of the2010 Integrated Communications,Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings. Herndon, VA, USA. IEEE, 2010: A2-1-A2-11. DOI:10.1109/ICNSURV.2010.5503324.
[9] Bilzhause A, Belgacem B, Mostafa M, et al.Datalink security in the L-band digital aeronautical communications system (LDACS) for air traffic management[J]. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2017, 32(11): 22-33. DOI:10.1109/MAES.2017.160282.
[10] Ayaz S, Hoffmann F, Epple U, et al.Performance evaluation of network mobility handover over future aeronautical data link[J]. Computer Communications, 2012, 35(3): 334-343. DOI:10.1016/j.comcom.2011.10.008.
[11] Schnell M, Epple U, Shutin D, et al.LDACS: future aeronautical communications for air–traffic management[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2014, 52(5): 104-110. DOI:10.1109/MCOM.2014.6815900.
[12] Cheng B N, Block F J, Hamilton B R, et al.Design considerations for next-generation airborne tactical networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2014, 52(5): 138-145. DOI:10.1109/MCOM.2014.6815904.
[13] Chih-Lin I, Han S F, Xu Z K, et al.New paradigm of 5G wireless internet[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2016, 34(3): 474-482. DOI:10.1109/JSAC.2016.2525739.
[14] Wunder G, Kasparick M, ten Brink S, et al. 5GNOW: challenging the LTE design paradigms of orthogonality and synchronicity[C]//2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). Dresden, Germany. IEEE, 2013: 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2013.6691814.
[15] Vakilian V, Wild T, Schaich F, et al.Universal-filtered multi-carrier technique for wireless systems beyond LTE[C]//2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). Atlanta, GA, USA. IEEE, 2013: 223-228. DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2013.6824990.
[16] Schaich F, Wild T.Waveform contenders for 5G—OFDM vs. FBMC vs. UFMC[C]//2014 6th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP). Athens, Greece. IEEE, 2014: 457-460. DOI: 10.1109/ISCCSP.2014.6877912.
[17] Chen Y J, Schaich F, Wild T.Multiple access and waveforms for 5G: IDMA and universal filtered multi-carrier[C]//2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). Seoul, Korea (South). IEEE, 2014: 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022995.
[18] 龚旻, 任子毅, 马召, 等. 基于L频段数字航空通信系统1的F-OFDM波形设计[J].电讯技术, 2017, 57(6): 643-649. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001–893x.2017.06.005.
[19] Matolak D W, Jamal H, Hosseini N, et al.Novel filterbank multicarrier waveform for L-band digital aeronautical communications: Initial field test results[C]//2021 IEEE/AIAA 40th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). San Antonio, TX, USA. IEEE, 2021: 1-10. DOI: 10.1109/DASC52595.2021.9594295.
[20] D'Andrea C, Buzzi S, Fresia M, et al. Doppler-resilient universal filtered MultiCarrier (DR-UFMC): A beyond-OTFS modulation[C]//2023 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit). Gothenburg, Sweden. IEEE, 2023: 150-155. DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188322.
[21] Sharma G K, Arya R K, Nigam V S.Performance analysis of UFMC for 5G technologies with different channel coding techniques[C]//2023 International Conference on Signal Processing, Computation, Electronics, Power and Telecommunication (IConSCEPT). Karaikal, India. IEEE, 2023: 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/IConSCEPT57958.2023.10170587.
[22] Youssef M M, Ibrahim M, Abdelhamid B.Deep learning-aided channel estimation for universal filtered multi-carrier systems[C]//2023 40th National Radio Science Conference (NRSC). Giza, Egypt. IEEE, 2023: 159-166. DOI: 10.1109/NRSC58893.2023.10152951.
[23] Kumar V, Mukherjee M, Lloret J.A hardware-efficient and reconfigurable UFMC transmitter architecture with its FPGA prototype[J]. IEEE Embedded Systems Letters, 2020, 12(4): 109-112. DOI:10.1109/LES.2019.2961850.
[24] Kumar V, Mukherjee M, Lloret J.Reconfigurable architecture of UFMC transmitter for 5G and its FPGA prototype[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2020, 14(1): 28-38. DOI:10.1109/JSYST.2019.2923549.
[25] Heil M M, Hammoodi A T, Rasool J M.A comparative analysis of Bohman Windowing Performance for UFMC with Higher QAM Modulation[C]//2023 Al-Sadiq International Conference on Communication and Information Technology (AICCIT). Al-Muthana, Iraq. IEEE, 2023: 13-17. DOI: 10.1109/AICCIT57614.2023.10217941.
[26] Tuli E A, Kim D S, Lee J M.Performance enhancement of UFMC systems using Kaiser window filter[C]//2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). Jeju Island, Korea, Republic of. IEEE, 2021: 386-388. DOI: 10.1109/ICTC52510.2021.9620960.
[27] Yarrabothu R S, Nelakuditi U R.Optimization of out-of-band emission using kaiser-bessel filter for UFMC in 5G cellular communications[J]. China Communications, 2019, 16(8): 15-23. DOI: 10.23919/JCC.2019.08.002.
[28] Roy S, Chandra A.On the order minimization of interpolated bandpass method based narrow transition band FIR filter design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2019, 66(11): 4287-4295. DOI:10.1109/TCSI.2019.2928052.
[29] Lu W S, Hinamoto T.A unified approach to the design of interpolated and frequency-response-masking FIR filters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2016, 63(12): 2257-2266. DOI:10.1109/TCSI.2016.2613880.
[30] 郭振津, 高凯, 李泰立, 等. UFMC发射机的低复杂度实现方案设计[J]. 信息通信, 2019, 32(5): 88-90, 92. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1131.2019.05.036.
[31] Xu Y H, Lim M S.An efficient design of split-radix FFT pruning for OFDM based Cognitive Radio system[C]//2011 International SoC Design Conference. Jeju, Korea (South). IEEE, 2011: 368-372. DOI:10.1109/ISOCC.2011.6138787.
[32] Wild T, Schaich F.A reduced complexity transmitter for UF-OFDM[C]//2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). Glasgow, UK. IEEE, 2015: 1-6. DOI:10.1109/VTCSpring.2015.7145643.