中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 164-172.DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.032
收稿日期:2024-03-04
修回日期:2024-04-24
发布日期:2024-05-29
通讯作者:
王增辉
基金资助:Received:2024-03-04
Revised:2024-04-24
Published:2024-05-29
Contact:
Zenghui WANG
摘要:
进行水平磁场下由塞贝克效应驱动的热电对流实验研究。采用镓铟锡和康铜作为实验工质,使用超声多普勒测速系统精确测量封闭腔体中的对流速度,得到3种热电对流模式。在弱磁场下,对流模式以热电效应主导,并且可以近似为一个二维流动;随着磁场的增大,对流模式开始向三维转变,出现不同程度的速度波动;在强磁场下,由于磁阻尼效应的影响,又会转化为一个近似的二维流动。热电效应和磁场相互作用产生的洛伦兹力在弱磁场下能够增强传热,但是在强磁场下磁阻尼效应又会反过来抑制传热。
中图分类号:
张登科, 王增辉. 磁场影响下的塞贝克效应驱动液态金属对流的实验研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2026, 43(2): 164-172.
Dengke ZHANG, Zenghui WANG. Experimental study of liquid metal convection driven by Seebeck effect under the influence of magnetic field[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2026, 43(2): 164-172.
| 参数名称 | 符号 | 定义 | 研究范围 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 磁雷诺数 | |||
| 哈特曼数 | |||
| 雷诺数 | |||
| 塞贝克数 | |||
| 格拉肖夫数 | |||
| 特征速度 | — |
表1 无量纲参数及其范围
Table 1 Nondimensional parameters and their ranges
| 参数名称 | 符号 | 定义 | 研究范围 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 磁雷诺数 | |||
| 哈特曼数 | |||
| 雷诺数 | |||
| 塞贝克数 | |||
| 格拉肖夫数 | |||
| 特征速度 | — |
| 参数 | 工质 Ga68%In20%Sn12% (290 K) | |
|---|---|---|
| 熔点/℃ | 10.5 | 1 280 |
| 密度/(kg·m-3) | 6 360 | 8 900 |
| 动力黏度/(Pa·s) | 2.4×10-3 | — |
| 热导率/(W/(m·K)) | 16.5 | — |
| 电导率/(S·m-1) | 3.3×106 | 2×106 |
| 比热/(J/(kg·K)) | 365.8 | — |
| 塞贝克系数/(μV/K) | -0.55 | -35 |
| 热膨胀系数 | 0.000 124 | — |
表2 镓铟锡和康铜的物理性质
Table 2 Physical properties of GaInSn and constantan
| 参数 | 工质 Ga68%In20%Sn12% (290 K) | |
|---|---|---|
| 熔点/℃ | 10.5 | 1 280 |
| 密度/(kg·m-3) | 6 360 | 8 900 |
| 动力黏度/(Pa·s) | 2.4×10-3 | — |
| 热导率/(W/(m·K)) | 16.5 | — |
| 电导率/(S·m-1) | 3.3×106 | 2×106 |
| 比热/(J/(kg·K)) | 365.8 | — |
| 塞贝克系数/(μV/K) | -0.55 | -35 |
| 热膨胀系数 | 0.000 124 | — |
图2 无磁场环境下(Ha=0,ΔT=1 415 K/m)方腔流速的时空分布
Fig.2 Spatiotemporal distribution of the flow velocity at the square cavity in a magnetic field-free environment (Ha=0,ΔT=1 415 K/m)
图3 磁场环境下(Ha=19,ΔT=1 415 K/m)方腔流速的时空分布
Fig.3 Spatiotemporal distribution of the flow velocity at the square cavity in a magnetic field environment (Ha=19, ΔT=1 415 K/m)
图4 磁场环境下(Ha=68,ΔT=1 415 K/m)方腔流速的时空分布
Fig.4 Spatiotemporal distribution of the flow velocity at the square cavity in a magnetic field environment (Ha=68,ΔT=1 415 K/m)
图5 磁场环境下(Ha=960,ΔT=1 415 K/m)方腔流速的时空分布
Fig.5 Spatiotemporal distribution of the flow velocity at the square cavity in a magnetic field environment (Ha=960,ΔT=1 415 K/m)
图6 不同磁场强度下方形腔内TEMC的Re和Ha2/Te 分布特征
Fig.6 Distribution characteristics of Re and Ha2/Te of TEMC in a square cavity under different magnetic field strengths
图8 Re与Ha、Te的拟合曲线与相关热电磁流体实验文献的比较
Fig.8 Comparison of the fitted curves of Re versus Ha and Te with the literature on related thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic experiments
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