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中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 164-172.DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.032

• 物理学 • 上一篇    下一篇

磁场影响下的塞贝克效应驱动液态金属对流的实验研究

张登科, 王增辉()   

  1. 中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京  100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04 修回日期:2024-04-24 发布日期:2024-05-29
  • 通讯作者: 王增辉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52376155)

Experimental study of liquid metal convection driven by Seebeck effect under the influence of magnetic field

Dengke ZHANG, Zenghui WANG()   

  1. College of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2024-03-04 Revised:2024-04-24 Published:2024-05-29
  • Contact: Zenghui WANG

摘要:

进行水平磁场下由塞贝克效应驱动的热电对流实验研究。采用镓铟锡和康铜作为实验工质,使用超声多普勒测速系统精确测量封闭腔体中的对流速度,得到3种热电对流模式。在弱磁场下,对流模式以热电效应主导,并且可以近似为一个二维流动;随着磁场的增大,对流模式开始向三维转变,出现不同程度的速度波动;在强磁场下,由于磁阻尼效应的影响,又会转化为一个近似的二维流动。热电效应和磁场相互作用产生的洛伦兹力在弱磁场下能够增强传热,但是在强磁场下磁阻尼效应又会反过来抑制传热。

关键词: 液态金属, 塞贝克效应, 磁流体动力学效应, 热电对流

Abstract:

In a fusion reactor environment characterized by significant temperature variations and intense magnetic fields, the Seebeck effect interacts with the magnetic field, propelling the flow of liquid metal to remove impurities and heat generated during the fusion reaction. This paper conducts experiments on thermoelectric convection driven by the Seebeck effect in a horizontal magnetic field. GaInSn and constantan serve as the experimental working substances. An ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry system meticulously measures the convection velocity in a closed cavity. Three thermoelectric convection modes are identified. At lower magnetic fields, thermoelectric effects dominate the convective mode, allowing for an approximation as a two-dimensional flow. With increasing magnetic field strength, the convective mode transitions to a three-dimensional pattern exhibiting variable velocity fluctuations. Subsequently, it converts to an approximate two-dimensional flow, influenced by the magnetic damping effect under strong magnetic fields. The Lorentz force, resulting from the interaction between the thermoelectric effect and the magnetic field, can enhance heat transfer. However, under stronger magnetic fields, it has an inhibiting effect on heat transfer.

Key words: liquid metal, Seebeck effect, magnetohydrodynamic effects, thermoelectric convection

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