近10年新疆不同程度盐渍化耕地的时空变化特征

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2021.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以新疆各地级行政区为研究单元，运用地统计学中的土地利用转移矩阵和土地利用动态度对新疆近10年不同程度盐渍化耕地的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：1）2005年，新疆灌区盐渍化耕地面积占耕地总面积的32.07%；2014年，新疆灌区盐渍化耕地面积占耕地总面积的37.72%。研究期内，新疆盐渍化耕地面积有所增加，但多集中于新垦区，老灌区经过改良治理，盐渍化危害程度明显减弱，盐渍化耕地大都呈现稳定脱盐趋势。2）新疆各地区盐渍化耕地在结构上和数量上具有明显的差异性：南疆的中度和重度盐渍化耕地比例高于北疆地区，是新疆盐渍化治理的重点区域；巴州和喀什盐渍化耕地面积占比超过50%，而乌鲁木齐和伊犁地区盐渍化耕地面积占比低于10%。3）新疆各地区盐渍化耕地变化活跃程度也存在明显的差异性：除克拉玛依外，其余各地区综合动态度均为正值，其中，综合利用动态度高、盐渍化耕地面积快速增长的热点地区主要集中在南疆，包括克州、巴州和喀什地区。

关键词: 盐渍化耕地, 时空演变, 转移矩阵, 动态度, 新疆

Abstract: In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of salinized cultivated land in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed by matrix transfer method and land use dynamics. The matrix transfer method can calculate both the changes in the salinized cultivated land and transfer ratio of different degrees of salinized cultivated land from the previous period to the latter period. Our results indicate that:1)In 2005, the area of salinized cultivated land accounted for 32.07% of the total area of cultivated land. In 2014, the area of salinized cultivated land accounted for 37.72% of the total area of cultivated land. During the study period, the total area of salinized cultivated land in Xinjiang was increasing, and most of them concentrated in the new irrigation area. With the improvement of old irrigation area, the degrees of salinization damage were obviously weakened, and the salinized cultivated land showed a stable desalination trend. 2)The salinization degree was mainly mild in Xinjiang. The proportion of moderate and severe salinized cultivated land in southern Xinjiang was higher than that in northern Xinjiang. The salinization damage of cultivated land was serious in southern Xinjiang. There were some obvious differences in the structures and quantity of salinized cultivated land in various regions. The proportions of salinized cultivated land in Bazhou and Kashgar were higher than 50%, while the proportions of cultivated land in Urumqi and Yili were less than 10%. 3)There were also significant differences in the active degree of salinized cultivated land in various regions:The comprehensive dynamic degree of Karamay is the lowest, and the CLUD value was -0.39, indicating that the area of salinized cultivated land in Karamay has decreased. The CLUD values in other regions were positive, the hot spots with high comprehensive dynamics and rapid changes were mainly concentrated in southern Xinjiang, including Kezhou, Kashgar and Bazhou. Therefore, each region must formulate a plan for improving and utilizing soil salinization according to local conditions, and it must be consistent with the overall plan.

Key words: salinized cultivated land, spatiotemporal characteristics, transfer matrix, dynamics, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

TP79

庄庆威, 吴世新, 杨怡, 牛雅萱, 颜瑜严. 近10年新疆不同程度盐渍化耕地的时空变化特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2021, 38(3): 341-349.

ZHUANG Qingwei, WU Shixin, YANG Yi, NIU Yaxuan, YAN Yuyan. Spatiotemporal characteristics of different degrees of salinized cultivated land in Xinjiang in recent ten years[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 38(3): 341-349.

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