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新疆与中亚5国贸易格局演化及影响因素研究

赵延桐1,2, 杜宏茹1†, 王坤3   

  1. 1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2 中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
    3 济南大学商学院,济南 250002
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 修回日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:duhr@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK1007)资助

Evolution and determinants of trade patterns between Xinjiang and the five Central Asian countries

ZHAO Yantong1,2, DU Hongru1, WANG Kun3   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Business School, University of Jinan, Jinan 250002, China
  • Received:2025-03-25 Revised:2025-06-30

摘要: 随着“一带一路”倡议的深入推进,中国与中亚5国的经贸合作日益紧密,新疆作为丝绸之路经济带建设的核心区,其与中亚5国的经贸合作不仅是区域经济合作的重要实践,更是保障国家能源安全、促进地缘政治稳定的关键环节。研究利用海关进出口数据,探究新疆与中亚5国贸易演化及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)尽管新疆在全国对中亚5国贸易体系中的相对地位有所下降,但其独特地缘区位优势仍然不可替代,继续在区域经济合作中发挥关键支撑作用;(2)新疆同中亚5国贸易格局呈现差异化特征,其中吉尔吉斯斯坦与新疆贸易结合度最高,塔吉克斯坦增速最快;(3)出口结构呈多元稳定态势,高附加值产品比重逐年提升;进口则呈资源依赖型单一结构,受国家战略与新疆自身发展影响明显;(4)实证分析表明,制造业技术复杂度对新疆与中亚5国进出口贸易规模具有显著正向影响,且相较于传统指标有着更强的解释力。“一带一路”倡议实施和产业结构优化显著促进了出口发展,而进口则体现了明显的替代效应,同时受中亚国家资源型出口结构特征的影响显著。本研究丰富了引力模型在区域贸易研究中的应用,也为推动新疆与中亚经贸合作高质量发展提供了理论依据与实践启示。

关键词: 新疆, 中亚5国, 贸易格局, 技术复杂度, 贸易引力模型

Abstract: With the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), economic cooperation between China and the five Central Asian countries has intensified. As the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, Xinjiang's economic engagement with Central Asia represents not only significant regional cooperation but also a crucial component for national energy security and geopolitical stability. This study employs customs import-export data to investigate the evolution of trade patterns and determinants between Xinjiang and the five Central Asian countries. The research reveals: (1) Despite Xinjiang's declining relative position in China's overall trade with Central Asia, its unique geographical advantages remain irreplaceable, continuing to provide critical support for regional economic cooperation; (2) Xinjiang's trade patterns with the five countries show distinct characteristics, with Kyrgyzstan demonstrating the highest trade integration and Tajikistan the fastest growth; (3) Export structures exhibit diversified stability with increasing proportions of high value-added products, while imports display resource-dependent singular structures significantly influenced by national strategy and Xinjiang's development; (4) Empirical analysis indicates that manufacturing technological complexity has a significant positive impact on Xinjiang's trade volume with Central Asian countries, with greater explanatory power than traditional indicators. The BRI implementation and industrial structure optimization have significantly promoted export development, while imports demonstrate evident substitution effects and are substantially influenced by the resource-oriented export structures of Central Asian countries. This study enriches the application of gravity models in regional trade research and provides theoretical foundation and practical implications for promoting high-quality development of economic cooperation between Xinjiang and Central Asia.

Key words: Xinjiang, five Central Asian countries, trade pattern, technological complexity, gravity model of trade

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