Combined algorithm for phased array antenna beamforming

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2022.022

Abstract

Abstract: A new combined algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the problem that the algorithm convergence speed is slow and easy to fall into local convergence in complex beamforming. This algorithm is based on the Fourier transform relationship between the antenna pattern and the current of the array element. For the target beam pattern, the inverse Fourier transform is used to obtain amplitude and phase values of each element in the array antenna. The acquired values as the initial values are input into the genetic algorithm (GA). A complex beam pattern with wide null is finally designed by controlling only the phase. In order to prevent GA from falling into local optimum, chaos map is introduced. The initial population and mutation operation of GA are combined with chaos. With the help of ergodicity and randomness of sinusoidal chaos, the diversity of population and the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum are enhanced. Synthesis results show that the proposed algorithm can generate complex beam patterns with wide null, and it is not easy to fall into local optimal values.

Key words: genetic algorithm, beamforming, phase-only distribution, sinusoidal chaos map, FFT

CLC Number:

ZHAO Minghao, ZHOU Yiguo. Combined algorithm for phased array antenna beamforming[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023, 40(6): 771-777.

References

[1] 刘海廷, 吕晓德. 一种改善SAR距离模糊的天线赋形算法[J]. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 2009, 26(1):102-106. DOI:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2009.1.015.
[2] 杨俊, 王建峰, 乞耀龙, 等.基于波束形成原理SAR三维成像算法[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2016, 33(1):115-120. DOI:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2016.01.017.
[3] 殷锋, 邱玲, 梁晓雯. 多用户毫米波大规模MIMO系统中收发端联合的混合波束成形设计[J]. 中国科学院大学学报,2021, 38(2):252-259. DOI:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2021.02.011.
[4] 陈诚, 黄卡玛. 无线能量传输中平顶波束的分析应用[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2018, 40(5):1115-1121. DOI:10.11999/JEIT170710.
[5] Dolph C L. A current distribution for broadside arrays which optimizes the relationship between beam width and side-lobe level[J]. Proceedings of the IRE, 1946, 34(6):335-348. DOI:10.1109/JRPROC.1946.225956.
[6] Taylor T T. Design of line-source antennas for narrow beamwidth and low side lobes[J]. Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Antennas and Propagation, 1955, 3(1):16-28. DOI:10.1109/TPGAP.1955.5720407.
[7] Woodward P M. A method of calculating the field over a plane aperture required to produce a given polar diagram[J]. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers-Part IIIA:Radiolocation, 1946, 93(10):1554-1558. DOI:10.1049/ji-3a-1.1946.0262.
[8] Gatti R V, Marcaccioli L, Sorrentino R. A novel phase-only method for shaped beam synthesis and adaptive nulling[C]//200333rd European Microwave Conference. October 2-10, 2003, Munich, Germany. IEEE, 2003:739-742. DOI:10.1109/EUMA.2003.341059.
[9] 杜海龙, 闫鲁滨. 一种唯相波束赋形的快速方法[J]. 宇航学报, 2010,31(6):1608-1612. DOI:10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2010.06.016.
[10] Yan K K, Lu Y L. Sidelobe reduction in array-pattern synthesis using genetic algorithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1997, 45(7):1117-1122. DOI:10.1109/8.596902.
[11] Kenane E H, Djahli F, Dumond C. A novel modified invasive weeds optimization for linear array antennas nulls control[C]//20154th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). December 13-15, 2015, Boumerdes, Algeria. IEEE, 2015:1-4. DOI:10.1109/INTEE.2015.7416784.
[12] 周强锋. 基于仅相位加权的宽零陷低副瓣波束赋形方法[J]. 现代防御技术, 2019, 47(4):59-64. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2019.04.10.
[13] Gao Z G, Yang B. Antenna pattern synthesis of shaped-beam using a new combined algorithm[C]//Proceedings of 20143rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation. July 26-29, 2014, Harbin, China. IEEE, 2014:291-293. DOI:10.1109/APCAP.2014.6992477.
[14] 丛友记, 卞美琴, 简玲. 一种唯相位加权降低天线副瓣技术研究[J]. 雷达与对抗, 2015, 35(2):45-48. DOI:10.19341/j.cnki.issn.1009-0401.2015.02.012.
[15] 徐慧, 李建新, 胡明春. 星载SAR波束展宽研究[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2007, 29(3):540-543.
[16] Mandal D, Kumar R, Kar R, et al. Wide nulls control of linear antenna arrays using craziness based particle swarm optimization[C]//2011 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development. December 19-20, 2011, Cyberjaya, Malaysia. IEEE, 2011:189-193. DOI:10.1109/SCOReD.2011.6148733.
[17] Kumari P, Mitra E, Mandal D. Wide null control of compact multiple antenna terminals using PSO[C]//2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON). March 8-10, 2017, Pattaya, Thailand. IEEE, 2017:1-5. DOI:10.1109/IEECON.2017.8075847.
[18] Khalaj-Amirhosseini M. Phase-only power pattern synthesis of linear arrays using autocorrelation matching method[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18(7):1487-1491. DOI:10.1109/LAWP.2019.2920866.
[19] Harikumar P, Bikkani V V B, Mahanti G K, et al. Phase-only side lobe level reduction of uniformly excited linear array antenna using iterative Fast Fourier transform[C]//2011 Annual IEEE India Conference. December 16-18, 2011, Hyderabad, India. IEEE, 2011:1-4. DOI:10.1109/INDCON.2011.6139456.
[20] Erçil E. An alternative method for phase only array pattern synthesis[C]//Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation. July 8-14, 2012, Chicago, IL, USA. IEEE, 2012:1-2. DOI:10.1109/APS.2012.6348690.
[21] Daniel B, Edwards C, Anderson A. Phase-only beam broadening of contiguous uniform subarrayed arrays utilizing three metaheuristic global optimization techniques[EB/OL]. arXiv:2009.06123.(2020-09-14)[2021-12-20]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.06123.
[22] Daniel B K, Anderson A L. Phase-only beam broadening of contiguous uniform subarrayed arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2020, 56(5):4001-4013. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2020.2987115.
[23] 第斯. 最优阵列处理技术[M]. 汤俊,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2008:88-92.