Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 507-518.DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.075
• Environmental Science & Geography • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yating LEI1,2, Zhanfeng SHEN1,2(
), Xinwei YANG1, Bo WANG3, Jinzhou LIU3, Wenqi KOU1,2, Chi ZHANG1,2
Received:2024-05-13
Revised:2024-10-11
Online:2026-07-15
Contact:
Zhanfeng SHEN
CLC Number:
Yating LEI, Zhanfeng SHEN, Xinwei YANG, Bo WANG, Jinzhou LIU, Wenqi KOU, Chi ZHANG. Fire risk assessment method for ancient buildings in the Palace Museum based on spatio-temporal factors[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2026, 43(4): 507-518.
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| 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 三级因子 | 因子描述 | 正负向 | 参考来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
致灾因子 (H) | 点火 | 用电设施数量 | 单体古建筑内的用电设施数量 | + | [ |
| 燃气使用情况 | 单体古建筑内是否使用燃气 | + | [ | ||
| 可燃物 | 木质结构元素复杂程度 | 单体古建筑木质结构元素的复杂程度 | + | [ | |
| 文物数量 | 单体古建筑内的可移动文物数量 | + | [ | ||
| 植被密度 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的植被面积 | + | [ | ||
| 环境 | *最高温度 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月最高温度 | + | [ | |
| *降水量 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月平均降水量 | - | [ | ||
| *相对湿度 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月平均相对湿度 | - | [ | ||
承灾体 (S) | 建筑物 | 建筑物面积 | 单体古建筑的屋顶面积 | + | [ |
| 建筑物功能 | 单体古建筑的功能属性 | + | [ | ||
| 开放程度 | 单体古建筑对游客的开放程度 | + | [ | ||
| 建筑间距 | 单体古建筑间的最邻近距离 | - | [ | ||
| 水系距离 | 单体古建筑的几何中心到水系(路口)的距离 | - | [ | ||
| 道路穿行度 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的道路穿行度 | - | [ | ||
| 人员 | *游客数量 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月累计游客数量 | + | [ | |
损失控制 因子(C) | 消防与安全 管理 | 消防管理等级 | 单体古建筑的消防管理等级 | - | [ |
| 安全保护等级 | 单体古建筑的安全保护等级 | - | [ | ||
| 消防站距离 | 单体古建筑的几何中心到消防站的欧氏距离 | + | [ | ||
| 工作人员数量 | 单体古建筑内的工作人员数量 | - | [ | ||
| 技术防范 | 防护圈数量 | 单体古建筑的防护圈数量 | - | [ | |
| 火灾探测系统密度 | 单体古建筑内的火灾探测系统密度 | - | [ | ||
| 火灾报警系统数量 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的火灾报警系统数量 | - | [ | ||
| 消防给水系统数量 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的消防给水系统数量 | - | [ | ||
| 应急照明及疏散指示系统数量 | 单体古建筑的应急照明及疏散指示系统数量 | - | [ |
Table 1 Description of fire risk factors
| 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 三级因子 | 因子描述 | 正负向 | 参考来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
致灾因子 (H) | 点火 | 用电设施数量 | 单体古建筑内的用电设施数量 | + | [ |
| 燃气使用情况 | 单体古建筑内是否使用燃气 | + | [ | ||
| 可燃物 | 木质结构元素复杂程度 | 单体古建筑木质结构元素的复杂程度 | + | [ | |
| 文物数量 | 单体古建筑内的可移动文物数量 | + | [ | ||
| 植被密度 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的植被面积 | + | [ | ||
| 环境 | *最高温度 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月最高温度 | + | [ | |
| *降水量 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月平均降水量 | - | [ | ||
| *相对湿度 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月平均相对湿度 | - | [ | ||
承灾体 (S) | 建筑物 | 建筑物面积 | 单体古建筑的屋顶面积 | + | [ |
| 建筑物功能 | 单体古建筑的功能属性 | + | [ | ||
| 开放程度 | 单体古建筑对游客的开放程度 | + | [ | ||
| 建筑间距 | 单体古建筑间的最邻近距离 | - | [ | ||
| 水系距离 | 单体古建筑的几何中心到水系(路口)的距离 | - | [ | ||
| 道路穿行度 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的道路穿行度 | - | [ | ||
| 人员 | *游客数量 | 古建筑群所在区域的每月累计游客数量 | + | [ | |
损失控制 因子(C) | 消防与安全 管理 | 消防管理等级 | 单体古建筑的消防管理等级 | - | [ |
| 安全保护等级 | 单体古建筑的安全保护等级 | - | [ | ||
| 消防站距离 | 单体古建筑的几何中心到消防站的欧氏距离 | + | [ | ||
| 工作人员数量 | 单体古建筑内的工作人员数量 | - | [ | ||
| 技术防范 | 防护圈数量 | 单体古建筑的防护圈数量 | - | [ | |
| 火灾探测系统密度 | 单体古建筑内的火灾探测系统密度 | - | [ | ||
| 火灾报警系统数量 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的火灾报警系统数量 | - | [ | ||
| 消防给水系统数量 | 单体古建筑在30 m范围内的消防给水系统数量 | - | [ | ||
| 应急照明及疏散指示系统数量 | 单体古建筑的应急照明及疏散指示系统数量 | - | [ |
| 数据名称 | 数据来源 | 数据类型 | 分辨率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 谷歌卫星影像 | 谷歌地球 (http://earth.google.com/) | 栅格 | 0.6 m |
| 气象数据 | 故宫自动气象观测站 | 文本 | — |
| 古建筑信息数据 | 故宫安全技术处 | 文本 | — |
| 设施分布数据 | 故宫安全技术处 | 矢量 | — |
| 消防安全检测数据 | 故宫安全技术处 | 文本 | — |
Table 2 Data sources and types
| 数据名称 | 数据来源 | 数据类型 | 分辨率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 谷歌卫星影像 | 谷歌地球 (http://earth.google.com/) | 栅格 | 0.6 m |
| 气象数据 | 故宫自动气象观测站 | 文本 | — |
| 古建筑信息数据 | 故宫安全技术处 | 文本 | — |
| 设施分布数据 | 故宫安全技术处 | 矢量 | — |
| 消防安全检测数据 | 故宫安全技术处 | 文本 | — |
| 因子名称 | 因子数据值 | 因子表征值 |
|---|---|---|
| 燃气使用情况 | (否,是) | (0, 1) |
| 文物数量 | (无,少,中,多) | (0, 1, 2, 3) |
| 木质结构元素复杂程度 | (简单,一般,复杂) | (1,2,3) |
| 建筑物功能 | (空置殿,库房,原状陈列殿,办公室,商店,展厅) | (1,3,3,4,4,5) |
| 开放程度 | (否,是) | (0, 1) |
| 消防管理等级 | (低,中,高) | (1,2,3) |
| 安全保护等级 | (低,中,高) | (1,2,3) |
| 工作人员数量 | (无,少,中,多) | (0, 1, 2, 3) |
Table 3 Representation values of category-type factors
| 因子名称 | 因子数据值 | 因子表征值 |
|---|---|---|
| 燃气使用情况 | (否,是) | (0, 1) |
| 文物数量 | (无,少,中,多) | (0, 1, 2, 3) |
| 木质结构元素复杂程度 | (简单,一般,复杂) | (1,2,3) |
| 建筑物功能 | (空置殿,库房,原状陈列殿,办公室,商店,展厅) | (1,3,3,4,4,5) |
| 开放程度 | (否,是) | (0, 1) |
| 消防管理等级 | (低,中,高) | (1,2,3) |
| 安全保护等级 | (低,中,高) | (1,2,3) |
| 工作人员数量 | (无,少,中,多) | (0, 1, 2, 3) |
| 层次 | 因子名称 | 平均分层权重 | 平均综合权重 | 综合权重之和 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 危险性H | 燃气使用情况 | 50.12 | 18.13 | 36.20 |
| 木质结构元素复杂程度 | 13.36 | 4.84 | ||
| 用电设施数量 | 12.42 | 4.50 | ||
| 文物数量 | 9.49 | 3.44 | ||
| 植被密度 | 6.18 | 2.24 | ||
| 最高温度 | 3.50 | 1.27 | ||
| 相对湿度 | 3.16 | 1.14 | ||
| 降水量 | 1.77 | 0.64 | ||
| 敏感性S | 游客数量 | 35.35 | 11.77 | 33.30 |
| 开放程度 | 32.59 | 10.85 | ||
| 建筑面积 | 21.52 | 7.17 | ||
| 建筑功能 | 6.43 | 2.14 | ||
| 水系距离 | 2.98 | 0.99 | ||
| 道路穿行度 | 0.84 | 0.28 | ||
| 建筑间距 | 0.29 | 0.10 | ||
| 控制性C | 工作人员数量 | 27.60 | 8.42 | 30.50 |
| 防护圈数量 | 27.17 | 8.29 | ||
| 消防管理等级 | 24.36 | 7.43 | ||
| 安全保护等级 | 11.53 | 3.52 | ||
| 消防站距离 | 5.78 | 1.76 | ||
| 消防给水系统数量 | 2.50 | 0.76 | ||
| 火灾报警系统数量 | 0.47 | 0.14 | ||
| 应急照明和疏散指示系统数量 | 0.40 | 0.12 | ||
| 火灾探测系统密度 | 0.19 | 0.06 |
Table 4 Weights of factors for fire risk assessment of the Palace Museum
| 层次 | 因子名称 | 平均分层权重 | 平均综合权重 | 综合权重之和 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 危险性H | 燃气使用情况 | 50.12 | 18.13 | 36.20 |
| 木质结构元素复杂程度 | 13.36 | 4.84 | ||
| 用电设施数量 | 12.42 | 4.50 | ||
| 文物数量 | 9.49 | 3.44 | ||
| 植被密度 | 6.18 | 2.24 | ||
| 最高温度 | 3.50 | 1.27 | ||
| 相对湿度 | 3.16 | 1.14 | ||
| 降水量 | 1.77 | 0.64 | ||
| 敏感性S | 游客数量 | 35.35 | 11.77 | 33.30 |
| 开放程度 | 32.59 | 10.85 | ||
| 建筑面积 | 21.52 | 7.17 | ||
| 建筑功能 | 6.43 | 2.14 | ||
| 水系距离 | 2.98 | 0.99 | ||
| 道路穿行度 | 0.84 | 0.28 | ||
| 建筑间距 | 0.29 | 0.10 | ||
| 控制性C | 工作人员数量 | 27.60 | 8.42 | 30.50 |
| 防护圈数量 | 27.17 | 8.29 | ||
| 消防管理等级 | 24.36 | 7.43 | ||
| 安全保护等级 | 11.53 | 3.52 | ||
| 消防站距离 | 5.78 | 1.76 | ||
| 消防给水系统数量 | 2.50 | 0.76 | ||
| 火灾报警系统数量 | 0.47 | 0.14 | ||
| 应急照明和疏散指示系统数量 | 0.40 | 0.12 | ||
| 火灾探测系统密度 | 0.19 | 0.06 |
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