Freshwater ecosystem is of much complexity because of such reasons as: watertype complexity, waterbody formation complexity, biodiversity, ecosystem structure and its function, ecosystem patterns and progress complexity, the complexity of watershed influence and the complexity of human being interference etc. Some advances and trends on freshwater ecology in China are introduced here and other related studies on the main problem--eutrophication of lakes and algal blooms faced in freshwater ecosystem as well. In association with the update trends in international ecology, the prospect of freshwater ecology is discussed. On complexity of freshwater ecology, much progress may be made in the following: RCC (River continuum concept) theory, study on ecology health by way of IBI (Index for Biotic Integrity) and IWI (Index of Watershed Indicators), scaling and fractal, ecosystem management and information system, spatial data analysis and heterogeneity, mathematical model and chaos etc.

For general real quadratic algebraic function field K, a theorem on the fundamental unit ε of K is given; and for sixteen types of four series of quadratic function fields K, the fundamental unit ε is exhibited explicitly.

In order to make business forecast on urban air quality, a new city-scale coupling model system between meteorology and air quality has been developed recently. The system was used to do a lot of experimental studies on practical forecast of air quality for 24 hours in Chongqing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Jinan cities.Comparisons between forecasted and field measured concentration-meteorology fields show that ensemble mean of ratios between forecasted and measured concentrations (SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀) and wind speed are 1.02±0.36 and 1.08±0.38; probability that difference between forecasted and measured wind direction is less than 67.5° can exceed 80%; probability that difference between forecasted and measured temperature is less than 1.0°C can exceed 75%; forecasting accuracy of rainfall amount for 24 hours is more than 80%; forecasting accuracy of daily mean API can exceed 80%; there are good agreements between forecasted and measured concentration-meteorology fields.

Aeroengine is developing to perform higher thrust-weight ratio and lower fuel consumption by means of increasing turbine inlet temperature. The increase of the blade thermal load needs more cooling air to protect the blade's safety. The mass flow of cooling air has arrived to twentypercent of the turbine inlet flow at maximum. The influenceof the cooling air injection will not be neglected in the 3D flow field in high pressure turbine. Based on the parallel solution of multistage 3D Navier-stokes equation, this paper uses a source term model describing the cooling air injection, and the characteristic of the flow field and temperature field in one stage high pressure turbine considering the effect of cooling air mixing was evaluated.

Connecting the characteristics of the vector fields we consider the multisymplectic geometrical approach for the variational PDEs. We analyze the conservation laws induced by the multisymplectic form formula and give the characteristics of these conservation laws when variational symmetries are taken into account.

A recently developed CFD method, lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) model method is applied to simulate the movement of barotropic atmosphere. Different from conventional LBE models, Coriolis force and the effect of gravity are added into this model, and the height of fluid is introduced to replace the density term, which avoids the difficulties related to the computation of incompressible fluid. The formation of geostrophic wind and cyclone is simulated successfully.

Study on the antioxidant systems of Polygonum viviparumgrown at two different altitudes indicated plants grown at Haibei Research Station at 3200 m altitude as compared with plants grown in Xining at 2300 m altitude had apparently higher contents of ultroviolet-absorbing compounds and ascorbic acid, and significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbic peroxidase. Higher contents of superoxide radical anions and malonadehyde were also found in plants at Haibei Research Station as compared with the plants grown in Xining which have been transplanted from Haibei Research Station for at least four years. The differences in antioxidant system reflect a long term of time of adaptation to different environments.

ly outlined statement is then extended to more general classical cases. Quantum mechanics is established by imposing the particular requirements of microsystems to Hamiltonian mechanics. Hence, this statement for classical regular motion is able to be further extended to corresponding quantum cases such that the quantum-classical correspondence is more clearly clarified.

The question whether, if yes, how useful information on hadronization can be directly extracted from experimental data is discussed, and the well-known cosmic ray data of JACEE-Collaboration are used to demonstrate how the proposed method works. It is observed that Self-Organized Criticality (SOC) manifests itself also in hadronization processes. The obtained result strongly suggests that the underlying dynamics of hadronization is the BTW-avalanche Dynamics for Complex Systems.

The fluctuations and correlations in the Bak-Sneppen model for self-organized criticality are discussed. By introducing the mean fitness of the system, one can discover the lattice size dependence of the ensemble-averaged fitness from the fluctuations. From the size dependence one can find a solution of the gap-equation and then get the exponents for the model. We also investigate the flying of the minimum site in the updating process. The distribution of the fly distance becomes more and more sharp at 0, which shows the increase of the correlation between the minimum sites at two successive updates. We link a spatial-temporal correlation function with the flying and get a simple expression for the correlation function.

The evolutionary minority game by imitating neighbor's p value is investigated. We allow the agent to modify her p value after imitation. Numerical results show that there exists an optimal level of correlation between the agent's new p value and her neighbor's p value after imitation, at which the agents evolve into a state in which they self-segregate into nearly equal-sized opposing groups characterized by extreme behavior.The evolution by imitation can considerably enhances the system's coordination.

Introduces so-called "quasi-dissipative systems" and their main characteristics with two sample systems. In such systems regular or chaotic quasi-attractors may appear, which can attract the iterations outside. However, as soon as the iterations reach the quasi-attractors, they perform typical conservative motion. There can be "type V quasi-intermittency" in the systems. Also, when a suitable parameter changes the system can display a continuous transition from a typical conservative system to a system that is very similar to a dissipative one. More characteristic properties are being studied and will be reported soon.

A continuous time seriesof financial data is transformed into a discrete symbolic series using piece-wise linearzingalgorithm. Based on DNA series analysis method, the scaling behaviors of the symbolic series and its application in prediction study for financial price data time series are discussed.

The macro-characteristics, the self-organized criticality (SOC) in particular, is useful at fire protection. The paper reviews the study on SOC of authors, including: (1) SOC analysis of forest fire data between the period 1950～1989 in China.(2)construction of a generalized forest-fire model combining environmental conditions, tree species and efforts of human beings.(3)the finite-size effects of forest-fire model. The practical implications of these studies are also analyzed.

A generalized normal form of SISO nonlinear comtrol systems,called the generalized Byrnes-Isidori canonical form,is obtained by proposing a generalized relative degree,namely,the point relative degree.For the systems with minimum phase,a sufficient condition is provided to assure the stabilizability.For the system with non-minimum phase zero dynamics,the center manifold approach is applied.It is shown that the stabilization technique via designed center manifold,is still applicable to this kind of general nonlinear control systems.

Deduced from the stationary condition of potential function in couple-stress elastic solids, an energy consistency principle for the incompatible element system of couple-stress theory is obtained. Based on its strong patch test form, the well-known Wilson internal parameters for two-dimensional four-node incompatible elements are improved, and a new effective incompatible finite element method for couple-stress problems is put forward. The constraint condition that the microrotations must be equal to the macrorotations is introduced by a penalty function technique. Numerical examples for the influence of couple stresses on the stress concentration around a central circular hole in a uni-axial tension or pure shear field are given. The results show that the present method has high efficiency and good accuracy.The considerably satisfying results can be obtained, even if the characteristic length is very small.

The research on cooperation and control of multiple bionic robot fishes is aimed at the related theory and the key technology for using them in underwater operation, oceanic exploration, and military detection. Control architecture is one of the important research points as well as the basis for further work. Considering the need of autonomy and cooperation of robot fish, presents control architecture for both group and single robot fish. More importance is attached to single robot fish control architecture which is hybrid and layered. It has the advantage of open-endedness, which is conducive to functional expansion.

The main micro-pollutants in tap water in the Pear River Delta area are organic matter, disinfection by-products, NH₃-N and nitrite.A deep treatment test to this type of tap water was designed and conducted by the combination technique of nanofiltration and other filtrations. The results show that this technique can remove about 90 % of the organic pollutants, and the purified water can reach very high standard.

Have succeded in isolating dissolved and undissolved matter from PP-b-PE by using dissolved and precipitable method uniquely. Then, studied their structures and properties by ¹³C-NMR, DSC and FT-IR.

The design of 3-dimension precision-adjusting-platform is introduced, which will be applied in the third-generation synchronous-radiation-facilities. Also discussed the advantage, reliability and characteristic of intellectual faculties controlling.

The long-term, continuous gravity data, recorded with superconducting gravimeters (SCG) at the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) observatories including one at Wuhan, and the corresponding station atmospheric pressure records have been comprehensively processed and analyzed in order to study and detect the geodynamical effects of the Earth's fluid outer core (FOC). The elasto-gravitational deformation responses of the Earth to thesolar-luni tidal forces, surface tractions and the perturbations of the pressure and gravity on the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and the solid inner core boundary (ICB) due to the dynamical behaviors of the FOC, are systematically discussed. Based on the resonance enhancement in diurnal tidal gravity observations, the Earth's free core nutation (FCN) is studied by stacking the tidal gravity data obtained with the international SCG. As a result, the FCN parameters are determined accurately. The free oscillations of the FOC are theoretically investigated by using a variational approach of the displacement field. And the corresponding eigenvalue-eigenvector problem for the finite element computation is deduced. By simultaneouslyusing the long-term, continuous and high-quality gravity data observed with the SCG at the GGP observatories, the translational oscillations of the solid inner core is studied.

First, the grain size effect on ferroelectricity, phase transformation, lattice dynamics, and photoluminescence properties of nanocrystalline BaTiO₃ were studied. Second, the orientation mechanism, optical and electrical properties of highly oriented lead zirconate titanate thin film heterostructures prepared by chemical solution methods were studied. Third, the factors determining the performance of monolithic ferroelectric thin film infrared focal plane arrays were investigated using a modeling method.

The multiphoton ionization and dissociation of azabenzenes-solvent clusters were studied using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, nano- and femtosecond lasers. Due to the fact that the problem was resolved technically, the experiments about multiphoton ionization of pyrimidine-water in gas phase were performed successfully. The multiphoton ionization mass spectroscopy of the clusters was observed for the first time. The experimental results indicate sequences of protonated cluster ions are formed. Based on both ab initio calculations results and dependence of cluster ion intensity on the laser power, the processes of proton transfer and charge transfer within the clusters were presented. During the femtosecond laser photonionization of pyridine clusters, the coexistencephenomena of protonated and unprotonated cluster ions was observed first. The existence of pyridine dimmer ions and relevant calculation results indicate that the C-H...Nbonds can be formed between pyridine molecules, which corrected some reported results and also provided with a good example for the study of weak bond clusters. The multiphoton ionization results of pyrimidine-methanol and pyridazine-methanol clusters are presented for the first time. It is also found that only the protonated cluster ions are produced after clusters' ionization. The stable structures of all clusters were obtained theoretically, and the mechanisms and processes of proton transfer after ionization were elucidated.